RESUMO
Cryopreservation of mammalian ovaries has been reported with different levels of success. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be a potential alternative for treatment of infertility and many attempts have been done to improve the efficiency of ovarian cryopreservation. The objective of the present study was to compare the direct cover vitrification [DCV] with ethylene glycol [EG], dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] and EG plus DMSO. Eighty five mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and their ovaries were cryopreserved in the presence of 5% EG or DMSO alone or as mixture, 10% EG or DMSO alone or as mixture and a group with ascending concentrations of cryoprotectants. After toxicity testing and vitrification warming, the ovaries were fixed for histological and ultrastructural studies. In addition, the viability of mechanically isolated follicles was studied by trypan blue staining. All data were compared by ANOVA [p<0.05]. Ovarian tissues frozen in EG plus DMSO in ascending concentrations retained a higher percentage of morphologically normal and or viable follicles than tissues frozen in 10 M EG plus DMSO or in either concentration of EG and DMSO alone [p<0.001]. Ultrastructural analysis of ovarian tissues frozen in ascending concentrations of EG plus DMSO showed that these follicles were well preserved and it was very similar to the control group. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue in EG plus DMSO is the most effective method for preserving the structural integrity of follicles within the ovary
RESUMO
Hypospadias is a common birth defect of the penis. Besides the abnormal position of the urethral opening, there is usually a ventral preputial defect with preputial redundancy in dorsal shaft. There are many flap procedures for correcting this defect. Here, we present our experience of skin coverage procedure with better cosmetic results. It is a prospective study on patients with mid-shaft to glandular hypospadias operated from June 2008 to December 2012. The operations were performed by one surgeon in two hospitals and the cosmetic results were evaluated by the surgeon, parents, and another pediatric surgeon by a satisfaction questionnaire. In this procedure, inner prepuce was incised curvilinearly, remaining 5 mm in medial and 8 mm in lateral aspects of the inner prepuce. For skin repair, dorsal flaps were approximated in midline along median raphe. Sixty-three patients with mean age of 25.75 +/- 8.46 [7-93] months were followed up for 7.06 +/- 3.34 [2-15] months. There were 4 complications. The overall satisfaction with penile skin coverage was 93.7% for parents and 98.4% for surgeons. Patients' age and primary site of meatus had a significant correlation with cosmetic results [P<0.05], while urethroplasty techniques and post-operative complications were not significant. Reapproximation of dorsal flaps in midline is a simple method and can be used in most cases of uncomplicated primary hypospadias. By this technique a more normal appearance can be achieved