Addiction among mothers referring to medico-legal centers in fars for legal abortion due to fetal causes: a seven- year review

Background: Substance abuse results in multiple complications for both the mother and the fetus during pregnancy

Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the frequency of mothers' addiction in legal abortion with fetal causes in Fars forensic centers

Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study with a sample size of 1664. The data including demographic characteristics, obstetric variables, and causes of fetal abortion were recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS16, using analysis of the mean, median, and chi square test

Results: The rate of addiction was reported to be 40.7% in the study population. This study estimated the prevalence of cigarette smoking, drugs, alcohol and other chemical substances as 31.9%, 5.9%, and 2.9%, respectively. Mother addiction had a significant association with maternal age [P

Conclusions: Cigarette was the most common addiction in mothers. Thus, promoting mothers' awareness and knowledge should be an educational priority

Investigation of breastfeeding training based on BASNEF model on the intensity of postpartum blues

Postpartum blues is a major risk factor for the incidence of postpartum depression and disruption of breastfeeding. This semi-experimental study investigated the effect of breastfeeding training based on the BASNEF model on severity of postpartum blues in 2012. Four educational sessions based on the BASNEF model were held separately for pregnant women and their mothers, mothers-in-law and spouses. The control group received routine care at the clinic. After delivery, women's knowledge of and attitude towards postpartum blues were evaluated using the Zung Self Rating Depression Scale. There were significant differences between the groups regarding mean scores of knowledge, mothers' evaluation of behaviour outcomes, attitude, and enabling factors. Also, the mean score for postpartum blues was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. In conclusion, training based on the BASNEF model had a positive effect on maternal knowledge and attitude and, consequently, the intensity of postpartum blues. Further studies are required to determine the reliability and effectiveness of this method

Investigating the relationship between religious attitudes with some sexual characteristics and marital satisfaction among women of reproductive age

Background: Religious values and attitudes can be considered as a guideline for sexual relationship and gender related roles

Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between religious attitudes, and some sexual characteristics with marital satisfaction among females of reproductive age in 2014 – 2015

Methods: The current descriptive-analytical study investigated the relationship between religious attitudes and some sexual characteristics, and marital satisfaction on 210 females of reproductive age. Firstly, cluster sampling was conducted. The sexual trait questionnaire and religious attitude scale, which contains 25 questions in 6 areas related to the religious attitudes, were distributed. Sexual trait questionnaire includes questions on pre-sex motivations, premature ejaculation, young couple's education, couples' intimate relationships, and finally couples' satisfaction. Chi-square test was applied to analyze the data, using SPSS software

Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.35 +/- 7.52 years. According to the Chi-square result, there was a significant relationship between religious attitudes and pre-sex motivations [P = 0.001], young couples` education [P = 0.005], couples' intimate relationships [P = 0.002], and couples' satisfaction [P = 0.001]. However, there was no significant association between early ejaculation and religious attitude [P = 0.11]

Conclusions: The results revealed a significant relationship between religious attitudes and pre-sex motivation, sexuality, and sexual arousal. Therefore, education on sex-based issues and couples' intimate relationships, which leads to decreased premature ejaculation and more sexual satisfaction, seem to be necessary. The results of the current study showed a significant relationship between religious attitudes, sexuality and sexual arousal. Also, the need for sex education and emotional intimacy between male and female are necessary to reduce premature ejaculation and enhance sexual satisfaction

Beat-to-beat variability during auditory music in fetus and mother: a clinical trial

Background: Non-stress test is the most widely used test to assess fetal status. The presence of beat-to-beat variability is reassuring while its absence is not reassuring

Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 213 pregnant women with gestational age of 37 - 41 weeks were randomly allocated into three groups [auditory intervention for mother, auditory intervention for fetus, and control], each containing 71 subjects. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test and Kruskal-Wallis test. In addition, paired t-test was used to compare each group before and after the intervention

Results: The results showed a significant difference among the three groups regarding beat-to-beat variability of fetal heart rate in the second 10 minutes of the test [P = 0.006]. Besides, the results of Tukey HSD test indicated that this difference was significant between the control group and auditory intervention for mother group [P = 0.004]. Moreover, the results of t-test showed a significant difference in beat-to-beat variability of fetal heart rate between the first and the second 10 minutes of the test in both groups of auditory intervention for mother [P < 0.001] and for fetus [P < 0.001]

Conclusions: Since beat-to-beat variability of the fetal heart rate is indicator of fetal health, music intervention can be used to increase the number of accelerations and reduce false positive results in NST

Comparison of the effect of dry cupping therapy and acupressure at Bl23 point on intensity of postpartum perineal pain based on the short form of McGill pain questionnaire

Background: Perineal pain is a major morbidity in the first few days after delivery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dry cupping therapy and acupressure at BL23 point on the intensity of postpartum perineal pain based on the short-form of McGill pain questionnaire [SMPQ]

Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted on 150 subjects in 3 groups of 50 cases. After at least 4-8 hr of delivery, cupping therapy was performed for 15-20 min up to 3 times a week [once a day] and acupressure was performed for 15-20 min based on clockwise model. The short-form of McGill pain questionnaire was completed both before and after the intervention. The SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data using repeated measures ANOVA. Besides, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant

Results: In the cupping therapy group, mean of the perineal pain intensity reduced from 37.5 +/- 6.8 before the intervention to 11.1 +/- 6.1, 6.9 +/- 4.7, and 3.8 +/- 3.6 immediately, 24 hr, and 2 weeks after the intervention, respectively. The results of study showed that the differences between the intervention and control groups were statistically significant [p<0.01]. Mean difference of the perineal pain intensity in the acupressure group reached from 35.6 +/- 8.1 before the intervention to 10.4 +/- 5.5 two weeks after the intervention, so the variation between intervention and control groups was statistically significant

Conclusion: The study findings showed that cupping therapy and acupressure reduced perineal pain. Therefore, they may be considered as effective treatments for reducing pain intensity of allowing delivery

effect dry cupping therapy at acupoint BL23 on the intensity of postpartum low back pain in primiparous women based on two types of questionnaires, 2012; a randomized clinical trial

Continuous low back pain is obviously related to the symptoms of the pregnancy period. In spite of the spontaneous improvement of the pain in less than 6 months after the delivery, some women experience chronic problems. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of dry cupping therapy at the BL23 point on the intensity of low back pain in the primiparous using visual analogue scale and short-form McGill pain questionnaire. In the present clinical trial, 100 samples were randomly allocated randomly to either the cupping therapy or the control group. Cupping therapy was performed for 15-20 minutes every other day up to 4 consecutive times. Visual analogue scale and short-form McGill pain questionnaire were completed by the two groups before the intervention and immediately, 24 hours, and 2 weeks after that. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software [v. 16] and analyzed using chi-square test and repeated measures ANOVA. According to the visual analogue scale, the mean intensity of low back pain in the cupping therapy group decreased from 7.8+2.7 before the intervention to 3.7+1.8, 2.5+1.7, and 1.4+1.4 immediately, 24 hours, and 2 weeks after the intervention, respectively. Besides, these measures were respectively obtained as 31.8+10.8, 9.0+6.7, 7.5+6.6, and 3.6+4.1 in the short-form McGill pain questionnaire. According to repeated measures ANOVA, a significant difference was observed among the various stages of follow-up [P=0.01] The study results showed cupping therapy to be effective in sedation of pain. Thus, it can be used as an effective treatment for reducing the low back pain

Comparison of Elaeagnus angustifolia extract and sildenafil citrate on female orgasmic disorders: a randomized clinical trial

Orgasmic disorder can create a feeling of deprivation and failure and provide mental problems, incompatibility and marital discord. This study aimed to compare the effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia flower extract and sildenafil citrate on female orgasmic disorder in women in 2013. In this randomized clinical trial, 125 women between 18-40 years old who suffered from orgasmic disorder were divided into three E. angustifolia, sildenafil citrate and control groups. The data were gathered using Female Sexual Function Index and through measurement of TSH and prolactin. The first intervention group had to consume 4.5 gr E. angustifolia extract in two divided doses for 35 days and the second one had to use 50 mg sildenafil citrate tablets for 4 weeks one hour before their sexual relationship. However, the control group had to consume the placebo. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-hoc test and p < 0.05 was considered significant. The frequency of orgasmic disorder before the intervention was 41.5%, 40.5%, and 57.1% in E. angustifolia, sildenafil citrate, and control groups, respectively [p=0.23]. However, these measures were respectively 29.3%, 16.7%, and 50% after the intervention [p=0.004]. A significant difference between the two groups regarding sexual satisfaction after the intervention [p=0.003] compared to the beginning of the study [p=0.356]. Besides, the highest reduction of changes after the intervention [58.82%] was observed in the sildenafil citrate group. Both E. angustifolia extract and sildenafil citrate were effective in reduction of the frequency of orgasmic disorder in women

Comparison of the effect of mono-stage and bi- stage acupressure at sp6 point on the severity of labor pain and the delivery outcome

One of the most painful experiences of women in life is labor. The use of non-drug methods for pain relief is on the increase. This study aimed to compare mono-stage and bi-stage acupressure at sp6 point on the severity of labor pain and the delivery outcome. This is a quasi-experimental single blind study from December 2010 to June 2011 in which 150 term pregnant women in labor pain were divided into 3 acupressure groups of mono-stage and bi-stage at sp6 point at 3-4 and 7-8 cm dilatation and control group. The intervention was carried out for a period of 20 minutes. Pain severity was evaluated before, immediately, 30 and 60 minutes after the intervention by Visual Analog Scale [VAS]. The pain severity after the intervention in 3-4 cm dilatation in the intervention group was'less than that of the control group [P=0.001] but the two groups of intervention did not differ from each other [P=0.94]. In 7-8 cm dilatation, the pain severity was reduced only in the bi-stage intervention group [P=0.001]. The duration of the 2nd stage and the rate of Cesarean section was lesser in the intervention groups [P=0.022]. Exerting pressure at sp6 point is effective in pain reduction, duration of labor and the rate of Cesarean section. Pain relief in bi-stage intervention was more than that of mono-stage. Therefore, it is used as an effective way to reduce maternal pain

Dietary and physical activity pattern in Fars province, national plan of chronic disease risk factor surveillance

Changes in lifestyle, especially in different aspects of nutrition and physical activity, have been associated with change in the patterns of diseases, from contagious diseases to non-communicable diseases, and with the prevalence of chronic diseases. Accordingly, this study is carried out within the framework of National Plan to Care for Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases with the aim of comparing the dietary patterns and physical activity of people under study in Fars province during 2006-2007. Using the WHO Step-by-step Evaluation Model for Risky Factors, the present study determined fifty 20-person clusters, totally 1,000 people within the age group of 15-64 for each year as the research population. After identifying the applicable people, they were visited at their homes and the questionnaires were filled out for them. The necessary analysis was carried out using Version 6 of EPI-info and Version 10 of STATA software. The findings of the present study indicated that men have more intense physical activity than women [p=0.001]. The results also indicated a significant increase in consumption of fruit [p=0.01], vegetable [p=0.001], and fish [p=0.001] in 2007 as compared with 2006. The average number of the consumed vegetable units in women was higher than that of men [p=0.01]. The findings of this study indicated that the average number of daily consumed units of fruit and vegetable as well as the frequencies of fish consumption per week was lower than the recommended amounts

[Comparison of the effects of one-step acupressure of spleen point 6 [SP-6] and gall bladder 21 [GB-21] on the duration and type of delivery in nulliparous women referred to hospitals in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran: a randomized clinical trial]

Sedatives constitute an important part of modern obstetric care. One of the under-investigation methods is the effect of acupressure on reduction of the duration of labor stages. This study was performed aiming at comparison of the effects of one-step acupressure of spleen point 6 [SP-6] and gall bladder 21 [GB-21] on the duration and type of delivery and Apgar of newborne in nulliparous women. This clinical trial study was performed on 150 nulliparous women. Women were randomly assigned to three groups, including gallbladder 21 acupressure, spleen point 6 acupressure, and control. In first two groups, pressure was performed at 3-4cm cervical dilatation for 20 minutes. In the control group, contact with no pressure was done on the acupressure points and with the same condition of the intervention group. The collected data was analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, and one-way variance analysis. In this study, the duration of the active stage of labor in the intervention group was less than control group [p<0.05], but no significant difference was observed in the two intervention groups [p>0.05]. Also, duration of the second stage of labor in the control group was more than two experimental groups, but the difference was not significant [p>0.05]. The three groups, had no significant difference in the fifth minute Apgar score [p>0.05]. The number of cesarean sections in the intervention groups were more than control group [p<0.05]. According to the results of this study, the acupressure in SP-6 and GB-21 points, in the one-step intervention was equally effective in reducing the duration of active stage of labor

[Frequency of facial and body acne in 14- to 18- year-old female high school students and its relationship to polycystic ovary syndrome]

Adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome concern about weight gain, menstrual irregularities, acne and hirsutism. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of facial and trunkal lesions of acne in 14- to 18-year-old high school students with polycystic ovary syndrome in Shiraz in 2009. In this cross-sectional study, 3189 14- to 18-year-old female students were enrolled. Using questionnaires, data on personal information, clinical features and laboratory findings of hyperandrogenism and results of ultrasound examination were collected. Severity of acne was classified as mild, moderate and severe, based on the type and number of the lesions. Chi-squared and independent t tests were used for comparing proportions and means, respectively. The prevalence of severe acne was 5%. Mean total testosterone in individuals with severe acne was higher in comparison with those without acne. Severity of facial and trunkal acne were associated with polycystic ovaries [P<0.05]. Mean level of luteinizing hormone [LH] was higher in those without acne than in those with severe acne [P >0.05]. Associations between severity of facial and trunkal acne lesions and polycystic ovaries were observed. Considering the undesirbale effects of acne on quality of life, hormonal screening and ultrasound examination in girls with moderate acne is recommended

Effect of attachment training on anxiety and attachment behaviors of first-time mothers

Pregnancy experience can be a kind of crisis in women's lives. Different forms of anxiety can make problems in pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the effect of attachment education on anxiety and attachment behaviors of first-time mothers. In this clinical trial, 84 primigravida women were selected from two hospitals in Shirazi using convenience sampling. The participants were randomly allocated to the test and control groups. Data were collected using a personal data form, the Anxiety Inventory Spielberger, and the maternal infant attachment tab view. The intervention group received four two-hour sessions during one month training course on attachment behavior. Maternal attachment behaviors were shaped Weekly on the forms. The control group received usual care of pregnancy. At the first day after the delivery, the researchers observed mothers attachment behavior during breastfeeding in all groups using Avant sheet without informing the mothers. Data were analyzed using statistical tests such as Chi-square, T-test, and paired /-test. The mean of the anxiety score was no significantly different before the intervention between the groups [P=Q.59]. The average anxiety scores was statistically significant after the intervention in the two groups [P=0.003]. Also, average scores on the attachment of mothers with the breastfeeding infants was statistically different [P=0.001] in the intervention group. Attachment behavior training reduces anxiety and increases maternal attachment

Prevalence of androgenic alopecia in 14- to 18-year-old female high school students in Shiraz

Androgenic alopecia is one of the most common dermatological disorders. Hormonal and genetic factors determine the incidence of alopecia, j Androgenic alopecia is the most common form of hair loss. It is progressive and symmetric in both sexes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of androgenic alopecia in 14- to 18-year-old female high school students in Shiraz. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3190 14- to 18-year-old female high school students in Shiraz. A questionnaire was designed to collect personal information and record clinical features of androgenic alopecia. Moderate and severe hair losses were defined as alopcia. For evaluation of alopecia associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, total and free testosterone blood levels were measured and abdominal ultrasound was performed. The collected data were described and analyzed through performing chi-square, Fisher's exact and and t tests using SPSS. 135 [4.2%] of participants had moderate to severe alopecia according to Ludwig's classification. No statistically significant correlation was observed in the mean of eather total or free testosterone levels between patients with androgenic alopecia, and those without [P>0.05]. There was no statistical significant association between alpocia and polycystic ovary existence [P=0.2]. This study did not show a statistically significant relationship between patients with alopecia and androgenic hormones and polycystic ovary syndrome