RESUMO
Background: Andropause in men refers to the clinical and biochemical syndrome associated with advanced age and characterized by a deficiency in serum testosterone levels. With the increase in aging male population and life span in Iran and focus on quality of life, andropause will become a major health issue that needs to be addressed in order to prevent disability. The results of some research have shown that there is still low level of knowledge and attitude toward andropause among health professionals. This study aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and attitude of general physicians regarding andropause in 2014
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 402 general physicians in Shiraz. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed for assessing the level of knowledge and attitude of general physicians about andropause. SPSS 18 was used to analyze the data, and descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were applied for data analysis
Results: The mean score of knowledge and attitude about andropause was 29.4 out of 76 and 35.1 out of 45, respectively. The findings showed a poor level of knowledge and positive attitude toward andropause among general physicians. There was a significant relationship between occupational status and knowledge about andropause [P<0.001]. There was a statistically significant relationship between attitude and demographic characteristics [P<0.05].The correlation between knowledge and attitude toward andropause was not statistically significant [P=0.548]
Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate the need for designing educational interventions to improve the knowledge and attitude of andropause among general physicians
RESUMO
Although phototherapy has been used for more than 60 years it has some complications. The light waves produced from phototherapy reduce melatonin concentration in newborns with subsequent hypocalcemia. We aimed to assess the effect of head covering on calcium and magnesium levels in full term newborns during phototherapy. In this randomized controlled trial, 72 full-term icterus newborns weighing >2500 gr with indirect hyperbillirubinemia who received phototherapy at the phototherapy ward of Moslemin Hospital, Shiraz, southwest Iran, during March to September 2010 were recruited and divided randomly into two groups. The neonates in the case group received phototherapy while wearing a hat, while phototherapy was performed without hats for the control group. The newborns were in perfect health during the tests. The calcium and magnesium levels of each newborn were tested at baseline, and 24 hours after phototherapy and 48 after treatment. The variables were compared using Student's t, Chi-square and repeat measurement tests. 14 [38.8%] newborns in the control group and 5 [13.8%] in the case group had hypocalcemia after phototherapy. A significant difference was found between the incidence of hypocalcemia in these two groups [P=0.03]. However, magnesium levels did not change significantly [P>0.05]. Phototherapy caused hypocalcemia but it had no effect on magnesium levels. This can be prevented by covering the head during phototherapy with no need for prophylactic administration of calcium
RESUMO
Obesity is one of the most common nutritional problems in adolescent. Knowing eating behavior of adolescents improve our understanding about this pandemic and helps design an appropriate preventive and care plan. in a cross-sectional study. 372 students selected randomly from 8 guidance schools of Shiraz Iran, during August-December 2009. Body weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg. height was measured in bare feet to the nearest 0.5 cm. Adolescents with a Body Mass Index [BMI] over the 85th but less than 95th percent!le are considered overweight and those with a BMI greater than the 95th percent!le are considered obese. Eating behaviors was assessed using Dutch eating behavior questionnaire [DEBQ]. The analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical soft- version 13. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant, The mean age of adolescent was 13.43 +/- 0.973 years. Of population studied, 23.9%. 22.35% and 53.8% were found to be obese, overweight and normal weight There was significant differences between restrained and external eating score in obese and overweight groups [P=0.000l]. Restrained eating score in obese and overweight adolescent was higher than those of normal weight group. There was no significant difference between emotional eating behavior in adolescent [P>0.05]. There was a positive significant correlation between dietary restriction and BMI [r-0.36] in adolescent [P-0.000]. Understanding the individual differences in eating behaviors is the first step in modifying programs for obesity. Emotional eating behavior is also recommended to be considered in designing preventive programs
RESUMO
Osteoporosis is one of the consequences of chronic diseases such as nephrotic syndrome in adolescents, especially in those undergoing glucocorticoid therapies. The present study aimed to determine and compare the effect of education by peers and health personnel on the prevention of Osteoporosis in the adolescents with nephrotic syndrome. The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 54 adolescents with nephrotic syndrome who were randomly divided into two groups of peers and health personnel. The Osteoporosis education program was based on the health belief model. Two questionnaires were completed by the patients to assess their knowledge and health beliefs regarding Osteoporosis before, immediately after, and 1 month after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS-15 using independent and paired t-test and RMANOVA. The mean score of knowledge and health beliefs was significantly increased in both groups immediately after the intervention [P>0.05]. However, the scores declined in both groups with a significant decrease in some parts one month after the intervention. No significant difference was found between the peers and health personnel regarding Osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs [P>0.05]. The results of the present study revealed the significant effect of education, carried out by both peers and health personnel, on the Osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs. Also, peer education was a cost- effective and feasible method for increasing the adolescents' Osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs