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Objectives@#The age of menopause is affected by several factors. In this study we aimed to identify the age of natural menopause and its related factors in a large-scale population-based cohort in Iran. @*Methods@#In this study, a subset of data collected during the enrollment phase of the Tabari cohort study was utilized. Reproductive history and other related data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained from all participants. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t test, and ANOVA as well as a multivariate linear regression model. @*Results@#Among participants of the Tabari cohort, 2,753 were menopausal women. The mean age of natural and induced menopause was 49.2 ± 4.7 and 43.2 ± 6.4 years, respectively (P = 0.001). The number of pregnancies, duration of breastfeeding, level of education, residency, presence of thyroid disease, and body mass index affected the age of menopause. After adjustments for confounding variables, the number of pregnancies remained significantly associated with late menopause. @*Conclusions@#The age of natural menopause in this study was similar to that in other studies, and the number of pregnancies was positively associated with the age of menopause after adjustments for confounding variables.
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Background: The aim of the current study is to compare quinagolide with cabergoline in prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome [OHSS] among high risk women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]
Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed from March 2015 to February 2017. One hundred and twenty six women undergoing ICSI who were at high risk of developing OHSS [having over 20 follicles of >12 mm], were randomized into two groups. The first group received cabergoline 0.5 mg and the second group received quinagolide 75 mg every day for 7 days commencing on the day of gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist administration. Then OHSS symptoms as well as their severity were assessed according to standard definition, 3 and 6 days after GnRH agonist administration. Ascites were determined by trans-vaginal ultrasound. Other secondary points were the number of oocytes and the number of embryos and their quality. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using Student's t test, and Chi-square or fisher's exact test, respectively. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: The incidence of severe OHSS in the quinagolide-treated group was 3.1% while it was 15.8% in cabergolinetreated subjects [P<0.001]. Ascites were less frequent after treatment with Quinagolide as compared to cabergoline [21.9 vs. 61.9%, respectively] [P=0.0001]. There was no significant statistical deferences between the two groups in terms of mean age, number of oocytes, metaphase I and metaphase II oocytes, and germinal vesicles. There was a significant difference between cabergoline and quinagolide groups regarding the embryo number [P=0.037] with cabergoline-treated group showing a higher number of embryos. But, the number of good quality embryo in quinagolide-treated individuals was significantly higher than that of the cabergoline-treated group [P=0.001]
Conclusion: Quinagolide seems to be more effective than Cabergoline in prevention of OHSS in high-risk patients undergoing ICSI
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Background: The purpose of triggering in ovulation induction is to induce the final maturation of oocytes and their release from the ovary for fertilization
Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH] agonist and human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] on the final maturation of oocytes and pregnancy rates in intrauterine insemination [IUI] cycles
Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 110 infertile women who were selected for IUI entered the study. Ovulation induction was performed. Group I received 0.1 mg GnRH agonist as triggering and group II received 10,000 IU of HCG. The serum Estradiol [E[2]], Luteinizing Hormone [LH], and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone [FSH] levels were measured at 12 and 36 hr after injection
Results: LH surge was detected in all patients. LH levels at 12 and 36 hr after triggering was higher in Group I and it washed out earlier than group II [p=0.00]. The pregnancy rate was higher in Group I, but the difference was not statistically significant [26.9% vs. 20.8%, respectively p=0.46]. Also, the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was not different between the two groups [p=0.11]. There was a significant difference regarding the estradiol levels at 36 hours after triggering [p=0.00]
Conclusion: Effects of GnRH on endogenous LH surge is sufficient for oocyte releasing and final follicular maturation. Pregnancy rates and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome incidence were not different between the groups. We suggest that GnRH agonists might be used as an alternative option instead of HCG in IUI cycles
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Background: Recurrent implantation failure is one of the most issues in IVF cycles. Some researchers found that beneficial effects of endometrial Scratching in women with recurrent implantation failure, while some authors demonstrated contrary results
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of intrauterine. Saline infusion as a form of endometrial injury, during fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycle, among patients with recurrent implantation failure
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study 63 women undergoing assisted reproductive technology were divided into two groups either local endometrial injury by intrauterine saline infusion during day 3-5 of the ongoing controlled ovarian stimulation cycle, or IVF protocol performed without any other intervention in Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The main outcome measure was clinical pregnancy rates
Results: Patients who received intra uterine saline infusion [n=20], had significantly lower clinical pregnancy numbers [1 vs. 9, p<0.05] and implantation rates [4.7% vs. 41.6%, p<0.05], compared to controls [n=39]. However, there was no significant difference in miscarriage rates [9.4% vs. 8.7%, p>0.05] and multiple pregnancy numbers [1 vs. 3, p>0.05] between groups
Conclusion: When intrauterine saline infusion as a form of endometrial injury is performed during the ongoing IVF cycles it has negative effect on reproductive outcomes among patients with recurrent implantation failure