RESUMO
To assess knowledge regarding adherence and safety of oral contraceptive pills [OCP] in Saudi women. We conducted a cross-sectional prospective study in an outpatient pharmacy at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from April to September 2011. Participants were healthy women aged >/= 18 years with an OCP prescription for contraception. We used a validated questionnaire to assess their knowledge regarding adherence and safety of OCPs. Four hundred and sixty women participated. Most [79%] knew to take an extra pill if they missed one in less than 12 hours, but only 6.5% knew they also had to use extra protection for the next 7 days if it was more than 12 hours. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that years of contraceptive use and educational level are predictive factors of better knowledge regarding adherence. Few were aware of the action if they experienced diarrhea for more than 12 hours [10%] or vomiting within 2 hours [13.5%] of taking an OCP. Only 30% knew of the adverse effects of smoking while on OCPs. Weight gain [51%] was the most commonly reported side effect. Most Saudi women taking OCPs have limited knowledge of its correct use regarding missing pills, vomiting and diarrhea, and poor awareness of the effects of smoking while using OCPs.
RESUMO
The use of intravenous acid-suppressive therapy for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients with specific risk factors has been recommended for over a decade. However, there is a lack of supporting data regarding the extension of such therapy to non-critically ill patients [non-ICU]. The aim of this study was to compare appropriate indications with current practicing patterns in adult non-ICU and ICU patients, contributing factors and financial impact of inappropriate use. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary teaching Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. For a period of 4 consecutive months, all hospitalized patients on IV PPI, aged 18 and above, were identified. A concise listing of indications considered appropriate for the use of IV PPI was pre-defined based on material from available literature and guidelines. A total of 255 patients received IV PPI. Inappropriate use of IV PPI was significantly higher in non-ICU [71.7%] than in ICU [19.8%] patients [P=0.01]. The most common cause for inappropriate use in non-ICU patients was stress ulcer prophylaxis [SUP]. In ICU patients, appropriate indicators for IV PPI were SUP [47.9%], PUD [11.5%], and the UGIB [20.8%]. There was a high association between appropriate uses of IV PPI with respect to endoscopic procedure and also between appropriate uses of IV PPI to subsequent discharge with oral PPI in non-ICU patients. The total estimated direct cost [drug acquisition cost] for inappropriate use of IV PPI during the study period was 11,000 US dollars. Inappropriate IV PPI utilization was predominant in non-ICU patients, mostly for stress ulcer prophylaxis that leads to a waste of resources. Applying appropriate policies, procedures and evidence-based guidelines, educated physicians and surgeons can clearly limit inappropriate IV PPI use