Diagnostic utility of fine needle non-aspiration cytology versus fine needle aspiration cytology in breast masses.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and fine needle non-aspiration cytology (FNNAC) techniques were studied in 145 cases of breast masses. All the needle-sampling procedures were done by single operator. The samples were assessed cytologically and evaluated using five parameters i.e. background blood or clot, amount of cellular material, degree of cellular degeneration, degree of cellular trauma and retention of appropriate architecture. Differences between all the individual parameters as observed in FNAC and FNNAC smears were insignificant. After evaluation of FNNAC and FNAC on the basis of these scores, greater number of diagnostically superior samples were obtained by FNNAC; however by FNAC more number of diagnostically adequate smears were observed. This difference was statistically significant. The number of unsuitable smears were also more by FNNAC technique.

Nephrogenic metaplasia of urinary bladder--a case report.

Nephrogenic metaplasia of urinary bladder, with synonyms of nephrogenic adenoma, mesonephric adenoma or adenomatoid tumour is a rare metaplastic lesion which can be clinically as well as morphologically mistaken for malignancy of the bladder. We present one case because of its rarity and also to emphasize the need for increase in its awareness both among urologists and pathologists, leading to accurate identification of the lesion.

A case of TRAP sequence: acardiac twin.

Monochorionic twinning contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. The twin-twin transfusion syndrome complicates 5-35% of monozygotic twin pregnancies with monochorionic placentation. The most severe and a rare manifestation of this condition is acardiac twinning which is seen in 1 in 35,000 pregnancies. The acronym TRAP (Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion) sequence is used to describe this condition. The acardiac twin does not survive while the mortality for the normal twin is about 50%. Proper timing of the delivery is of prime importance to survival of the normal fetus for which emphasis is placed on close sonographic monitoring for early antenatal diagnosis. We present such a case of TRAP sequence because of its rarity.