Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma of Maxilla: A Rare Case Report.

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a malignant tumor of long and flat bone characterized by the formation of cartilage. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare variety of chondrosarcoma .It is a biphasic tumor with areas of spindle cell mesenchyme along with chondroid differentiation in the connective tissue stroma. A 17 year old male presented to us as a painless mass in maxilla. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed a lytic expansile lesion in the right maxillary bone with foci of calcification within soft tissue lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and incisional biopsy was performed which confirmed the diagnosis of maxillary Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma .The patient underwent right subtotal maxillectomy with 2 cm margins. The review of literature shows that very lesser number of maxillary Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma cases were reported so far. Therefore an attempt is made to add this rare case of MC of maxillary alveolus in the Existing literature.

Effect of amino acids on inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase-X by gossypol

Gossypol acetic acid (GAA) has been shown to have male antifertility effects, but there are pronounced differences among animal species. In the search of endogenous effector molecules, which interfere with the functions of GAA, we have studied the in vitro effect of various amino acids on the inhibition of the purified LDH-X by GAA. Histidine, cysteine and glycine were shown to block the effect of GAA. The effects of these amino acids were concentration dependent. Histidine and glycine protection was found to be complex type in which both the Km and Vmax were decreased compared to control. Arginine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine and valine were found to be ineffective against the inhibitory action of GAA.

Purification and characterization of lactate dehydrogenase from Varanus liver

Lactate dehydrogenase was purified 21-fold from liver of Varanus bengalensis using colchicine-sepharose column chromatography. The crude enzyme showed two isoenzymes (LDH-5 and LDH-4) by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). The purified enzyme showed a single band after SDS-PAGE corresponding to molecular mass of 35 kDa. The molecular mass of native enzyme was about 140 kDa. The optimum pH for the forward reaction was 7.5 while that for the reverse reaction was pH 9.5. The K-m values for pyruvate, NADH, lactate and NAD(+) were 0.17 +/- 0.037, 0.02 +/- 0.004, 12.4 +/- 3.05 and 0.38 +/- 0.032 mM, respectively. Pre-heating of enzyme showed that its t(50) was 40-50 degrees C. Oxalate and n-hexanediol were inhibitors for both forward and reverse reactions. Among divalent ions, Cu++ was shown to be more effective inhibitor for the forward reaction.

Multi-drug resistant typhoid in adults

A total of 100 clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever were studied during the period January 1993 to December 1994. Blood and bone marrow cultures were done to find out the pattern of anti-microbial sensitivity of Salmonella; 44 cases were culture positive. Salmonella typhi was isolated in 81.8% of the cases [n=36] while Salmonella para typhi A was isolated in 18.1% of the cases [n=8]. Salmonella paratyphi B and C were not isolated. All isolates of Salmonella typhi were resistant to conventional anti-typhoid drugs i.e. chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole, and were sensitive to aminoglyco-sides-gentamycin, third generation cephalosporin cefexim, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone and to quinolones i.e. ofloxacin and glomefloxacin. All isolated of Salmonella paratyphi A were sensitive to conventional as well as the newer antibiotics mentioned above. It is concluded that, in view of the alarming increase in the incidence of multi-drug resistant salmonella typhi to conventional antibiotics, typhoid fever must be treated very cautiously, and newer antibiotics must only be used when they are indicated so as to prevent the development of microbial resistance against them

Serum lipid profile in Kashmiri children.

314 normal children in the age group of 5-14 years including 169 boys and 145 girls, were studied for their blood lipids and lipoprotein levels. Mean total cholesterol (Tch) of 172.8 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) of 66.4 mg/dl, high density lipoprotein (HDLc) of 71.2 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein (LDLc) of 88.9 mg/dl and very low density lipoprotein (VLDLc) of 13.3 mg/dl was obtained. Lipid profile did not show any significant correlation with age and sex. Serum Tch and LDLc were higher in upper socio-economic group (P < 0.01). Tch and LDLc were higher in children taking high percentage of calories from fat and consuming more animal fats (P < .01) while HDLc value had an inverse relationship to these dietic rations.

Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in asiatic hypertensives with lisinopril

LVH is considered to be a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease and sudden death. Angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective for the regression of LVH when used in antihypertensive doses. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Lisinopril on regression of left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH] in asiatic patients with hypertension. Thirty eight patients of essential hypertension with echocardiographically proven LVH [LVMI> 24 gm/m2 in males and> 122 gm/m2 in females] were studied to evaluate the changes in LV mass and function after the administration of ACE inhibitor Lisinopril. LV mass was calculated from Penn. convention measurement using cube formula of Devereux. Throughout the trial period, the mean arterial pressure was well controlled, at week 0 it was 128.33 +/- 5.81 mmHg, at week 12 it was 106.21 +/- 6.10 mmHg and at week 24 it was 107.26 +/- 3.61 mmHg. All patients showed regression of LV mass. LVMI at week 0 was 160.23 +/- 29.99 gm/m2, at week 12 it was 139.99 +/- 29.36 gm/m2 [P=0.0001] and at week 24 it was 132.52 +/- 30.02 gm/m2 [P=0.0001]. The mean ejection fraction increased by 4.40% [P=0.0001]. In conclusion LVH in hypertensive patients can be reversed by Lisinopril and that too without deterioration of LV function

Estimation and separation of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase isoenzymes in urine

N-acetyl Beta-D-glucosaminidase is a lysosomal enzyme made up of two isoenzymes [A and B]. It has been used extensively as a marker for kidney damage. However, its estimation in urine has not been standardized. We have established a method for the estimation and separation of NAG isoenzymes by ion-exchange chromatography. In 19 experiments done so far, this method has given reproducible results. The significance of this method is that with a single experiment, one can estimate total as well as individual isoenzyme activity. Furthermore, urine constituents do not appear to interfere in this assay

Effect of various metals and metabolites on the activity of lactete dehydrogenase

The effects of various chemicals were studied on the activity of purified lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] from buffalo's liver. Gossypol acetic acid, cupric and mercuric ions had completely inhibited the enzyme. Zinc showed inhibition only for reverse reaction. Lead, nickel and silver had shown more inhibition for forward reaction while cobalt produced inhibition only for forward reaction. The inhibition of reverse reaction by two metal chelators [hydroxyquinoline and dipyridyl] suggests that LDH from buffalo liver may require metal ions for its activity in reverse direction only. Oxalate also inhibited both sides of reaction and its Ki with respect to pyruvate was found to be 0.35 mM. Most of the nucleotides tested had almost no effect on the activity of LDH on either direction. Pyrophosphate and n - hexanediol also had shown no effect

Study of regional flaps in reconstruction of the post-traumatic defects of lower third of the nose

Twenty patients were selected for this study irrespective of age and sex, who presented with various defects of nose following trauma. Various techniques of Regional flaps were tried and results assessed with the help of Preoperative and postoperative photographs. In our study results were best with forehead flap than other types of regional flaps

Persistent limb pain and raised serum alkaline phosphatase the earliest markers of subclinical hypovitaminosis D in Kashmir.

The present study was an attempt to assess the cause of persistent pain in lower limbs among children from Kashmir. The study was conducted on one hundred children attending Paediatric out-patient department of Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar. All the children were in the age group of 5 to 14 years. They showed markedly raised levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, whereas serum phosphorus, serum calcium levels and antistreptolycin O-titres were normal in 93% cases. None of them had any rheumatic or rheumatoid pathology. Among 15 suspected clinical rickets only three were established radiologically. Dietary and socio-economic history revealed deficient vitamin D intake and less exposure to sun. It was hypothesized that sub-clinical vitamin D deficiency could be a major cause of persistent pain in lower limbs and raised serum alkaline phosphatase could be the earliest marker of vitamin D deficiency. It was confirmed by injecting single dose of vitamin D (3 lac I. U.) which relieved bone pain and lowered the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase to normal within 14 weeks of initiation of therapy.

Clinical profile of 100 cases of liver abscess

One hundred patients with liver abscess were studied for clinical features and complications. They were diagnosed by radiography, ultrasonography, serology and by needle aspiration. A variety of interesting clinical, haematological and ultrasonographic findings were observed. Literature on liver abscess was reviewed and results compared

Serodiagnosis of amoebic liver abscess by IHA method

Serological test based on IHA [Indirect Haemagglutination Method] was performed in 100 cases of hepatic abscess. The test was 100% sensitive and 94% specific. The cut off point of antibody titer between normal population and patients with invasive amoebiasis was 1:128. Antibody titer in amoebic liver abscess was 1:5242 +/- 2795. A significant [P<0.001] correlation was found between total leucocyte count and antibody titer