Retinoblastoma in adolescence: report of an unusual presentation

Herein, we report the clinical, pathologic and photographic findings of a 16 year-old girl who presented with gradual enlargement of a vascularized, hemorrhagic peripapillary mass that eventually led to vitreous hemorrhage and rubeosis iridis. Histopathological findings after enucleation were positive for retinoblastoma. The patient did not have any metastasis during her 20 months of follow up

Management of Duane's syndrome with botulinum toxin injection

Recession is the main surgical procedure in correction of eye deviation in Duane's syndrome. We evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of this type of strabismus instead of surgery or before it. Three patients with Duane's syndrome type I and one patient with Type II were selected at Poostchi eye clinic from patients who diagnosed primarily and had not any eye surgery before. Botulinum toxin [Dysport[TM], 10 IU] was injected into medial or lateral rectus muscles under general [2 patients] or local [2 others] anesthesia. Amount of deviation, leash phenomenon and limitation of movements were measured pre injection and 72 hours, 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks postinjections and the results were compared. The amount of deviation was decreased between 8-35 PD at 24 weeks postinjection. No significant change was observed in limitation of movement but leash phenomenon improved in 3 patients. Injection of botulinum toxin in Duane's syndrome will decrease the amount of deviation and leash phenomenon; however, surgical intervention maybe necessary for residual deviation or globe retraction