RESUMO
Identity and legal culpability hinges on age estimation in modern society. There are several biometric methods for accurate age determination that have validity in medico-legal proceedings globally. The accuracy of conventional methods should be reassessed periodically to ascertain validity in differing global societies. This study aims to evaluate the comparative accuracy of three age determination methods based on non-invasive radiographic odontometric data when applied to a sample of Saudi population. MethodsThis cross-sectional study is done on 350 subjects of Saudi Arabian population, aged between 4 and 16 years. The same set of radiographs is used in all three methods and the dental age estimation is done by trained examiners who determine the age using Demirjian’s, Willem’s and the London Atlas Method. Statistical analysis is done using the IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software (version 19). Significance of differences between the chronological age and the estimated dental age was calculated using paired ‘t’ test (P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. ResultsThe chronological age was above estimated age by all three methods used to assess male samples. Significant difference was seen with William's method (p=0.000) and the the London Atlas Method (p=0.000), and no significant difference was seen with Demirjian's method (p=0.102). Demirjian's method estimated the age above chronological age for females while the other two methods were below in their estimates. There were significant differences only between the London Atlas estimates and chronological age in females (p = 0.020). ConclusionsAge estimated by Demirjian’s method on Saudi population is most accurate among the methods tested. Boys showed more variations than girls when the ages were measured. Changing diet and socioeconomic factors influence growth and development of children, and this can alter the anticipated outcomes of age determination by mathematical methods.
RESUMO
Background: Allium sativum was known to possess antibacterial activity because of the presence of allic acid in its bulbs. Aim: To compare and evaluate the smear layer removal capacity of 3% NaOCl, 2% Allium sativum, 17% EDTA and saline. Methodology: Forty one extracted teeth were collected and the root canals were instrumented with protaper till F3 size. During root canal preparation, irrigations were made with the different solutions being evaluated and the roots were cut in the buccolingual direction for SEM analysis, to ascertain the presence or absence of smear layer and debris. Statistical analysis: Pearson’s chi-square test and fisher exact test were used. Results: In the coronal and middle thirds, Group I produced a synergistic effect, resulting in effective removal of the entire smear layer. Group II has good smear layer removal also. Conclusion: Allium sativum does have an effect on the removal of smear layer when used as endodontic irrigant.