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1.
Odontoestomatol ; 19(29): 33-45, junio 2017.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-848384

RESUMO

En la actualidad existe una inmensa variedad de técnicas ortodóncicas, cada una de ellas con sus indicaciones y usos específicos a partir de las cuales se debe seleccionar la más apropiada para cada situación clínica. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar en la literatura reciente los factores que influyen o que explicarían las decisiones terapéuticas que se toman en odontología, centrados en la especialidad de ortodoncia. Se ha pesquisado que la educación recibida, las preferencias individuales y el dominio de las diferentes técnicas, las características y valores personales, la situación clínica y económica del paciente, el sistema de salud y la relación odontólogo-paciente adquieren un papel importante en la selección del tratamiento. También cobran importancia los principios éticos y aspectos sociales, tales como las teorías del comportamiento que son homologables al actuar profesional. Es importante comprender la toma de decisiones y la selección de los tratamientos por el impacto que tiene en la atención del paciente y su satisfacción, en el cumplimiento de los objetivos terapéuticos, el funcionamiento de la salud pública y la calidad de los servicios entregados. En la actualidad son escasos los estudios dedicados al proceso de toma de decisiones clínicas, por lo que se hace necesario ampliar los alcances de las investigaciones, incluyendo investigaciones cualitativas, con el fin de comprender más profundamente el fenómeno de la toma de decisiones


There is an immense variety of orthodontic techniques. Each of them has specific uses and indications from which to select the most appropriate options for each clinical situation. The aim of this article is to review the recent literature on the factors that influence or explain the therapeutic decisions made in dentistry with a focus on orthodontics. It has been found that the education received, individual preferences and the mastery of different techniques, features and personal values, as well as the clinical and economic situation of the patient, the health system and the dentist-patient relationship take on a major role in the treatment selected. Ethical and social principles, such as behavioral theories, are applicable to these professional aspects. It is important to understand the decision-making process and the selection of treatments because of the impact they have on patient care and satisfaction, on reaching the therapeutic objectives, on how public health services work, and on the quality of services. There are currently few studies that focus on the process of clinical decision-making. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the scope of research, including qualitative research, in order to better understand decision-making


Assuntos
Ortodontia , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Odontólogos
2.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 6(6): 154-159, June 2017. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-907741

RESUMO

Objective: to determine the utilization, attitudes and perceptions about removable orthodontic appliances (ROA) among a sample of Chilean orthodontists. Materials and methods: Data collection was performed using semi-structured interviews with 10 orthodontists from diverse professional backgrounds. The analysis was performed using the “Grounded Theory” methodology, using Atlas.ti v.6.0.15. Results: We interviewed four men and six women (31 to 75 years old), with 7 to 53 years of experience as dentists, and 1 to 10 years of experience as orthodontists. All orthodontists have experience in private practice, five in public service, and one in a military institution. One-hundred and thirty-three codes were grouped into seven categories identified as follows: perception of orthodontists, control over treatment, ROA characteristics, ROA indications and contraindications, patients’ attitude to ROA, selection of treatment, and ROA utilization. Conclusion: In the selection of ROA, different factors are involved, including the characteristics of the dentist, of the patient, and the social context. The key factor in the utilization of ROA is the perception of control over treatment.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Odontólogos/psicologia , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Removíveis , Teoria Fundamentada , Entrevistas como Assunto , Ortodontistas/psicologia , Percepção , Pesquisa Qualitativa
3.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 4(2): 129-136, abr.2015.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-779215

RESUMO

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases. The WHO has classified it as one of the major public health problems worldwide. That is why a special emphasis has been paid to developing new preventive methods and the use of gum without sugar has been included as one of them. This strategy has significant benefits on oral health due to: (1) saliva stimulation, which favors teeth clearance and regulates the pH; (2) remineralization promotion as a result of the above and incorporation of minerals to the gum;(3) mechanical control of the bacterial plaque; (4) replacement of sugar by sweeteners which are harmful for bacteria (the most commonly used is xylitol) and (5) incorporation of active agents such as bicarbonate, casein, urea, chlorhexidine and chitosan, among others. Despite these benefits, the effect of the gum is considered to be weak for dental caries prevention when used instead of brushing. Therefore, its implementation must be proposed as a complement to oral hygiene routines and not as a preventive measure by itself. It is necessary to carry out a greater amount of clinical trials to evaluate its effectiveness in a context of high biological variability in the short and long term and including patients of different sex, age, socio-economic status and systemic health...


La caries dental constituye una de las enfermedades de mayor prevalencia, siendo catalogada por la OMS como uno de los principales problemas de saludpública a nivel mundial. Por ésta razón se ha enfatizado en el desarrollo de nuevos métodos preventivos a los que se ha incorporado el uso del chicle sin azúcar. Con esta estrategia es posible obtener importantes beneficios para la salud oral producto de: (1) estimulación de la salivación, lo que favorece el aclaramiento y regula el pH; (2) promoción de la remineralización como consecuencia de lo anterior y de la incorporación de minerales a la goma de mascar; (3) control mecánico de la placa bacteriana; (4) sustitucióndel azúcar por edulcorantes nocivos para las bacterias, de los cuales el más utilizado es el xilitol; e (5) incorporaciónde agentes activos tales como bicarbonato, caseína, urea, clorhexidina y quitosano, entre otros. Pese a proporcionar ésta serie de beneficios se considera que el efecto del chiclees débil en la prevención de caries cuando éste propósito se busca en ausencia de cepillado dental y por lo tanto debe proponerse su implementación como complemento a las rutinas de higiene oral y no como una medida preventiva por sí sola, siendo necesario realizar una mayor cantidad de ensayos clínicos, a corto y largo plazo, que evalúen laefectividad en un contexto de alta variabilidad biológica, incluyendo pacientes de distinto sexo, edad, situación socioeconómica y salud sistémica...


Assuntos
Humanos , Goma de Mascar , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Edulcorantes/uso terapêutico , Prevenção Primária
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