Increasing incidence of infants with low birth weight in Oman

This review article provides an overview of the levels, trends and some possible explanations for the increasing rate of low birth weight [LBW] infants in Oman. LBW data from national health surveys in Oman, and published reports from Oman's Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization were collected and assessed between January and August 2014. Oman's LBW rate has been increasing since the 1980s. It was approximately 4% in 1980 and had nearly doubled [8.1%] by 2000. Since then, it has shown a slow but steady rise, reaching 10% in recent times. High rates of consanguinity, premature births, number of increased pregnancies at an older maternal age and changing lifestyles are some important factors related to the increasing rate of LBW in Oman. The underlying causes of this increase need to be understood and addressed in obstetric policies and practices in order to reduce the rate of LBW in Oman

pattern of female nuptiality in Oman

The purpose of this study was to examine Omani patterns of female nuptiality, including the timing of marriage and determinants of age at a woman's first marriage. The study Utilised data from the 2000 Oman National Health Survey. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical methods, including logistic regression analysis, were used for data analysis. One of the most important aspects of the marriage pattern in Oman is the high prevalence of consanguineous marriages, as more than half [52%] of the total marriages in Oman are consanguineous. First cousin unions are the most common type of consanguineous unions, constituting 39% of all marriages and 75% of all consanguineous marriages. About 11% of the marriages are polygynous. Early and universal marriage is still highly prevalent in Oman. Three-quarters [75%] of married women respondents aged 20-44 years were married by age 20, with their median age at their first wedding being 16 years. However, women's average age upon marriage is gradually increasing. The change is especially apparent in more recent marriages or among younger cohorts of women, and for certain socio-cultural groups. Multivariate analysis identified female education, age cohort, residential status, region of residence, types of marriage, and employment as strong predictors of Omani women's age at marriage. The growing number of young adults, accompanied by their tendency to delay marriage, may have serious demographic, social, economic, and political ramifications for Oman, highlighting the need to understand the new situation of youth, their unique characteristics, and their interests and demands. Culturally appropriate policies need to be implemented to address the issues and challenges of unmarried young adults

Effects of lead on growth of some vegetable crops

Pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of lead [Pb] on growth of Amaranth, Chinese Amaranth and Spinach. Six levels of Pb [0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg kg [-1]] were used in the pot experiments. Lead application in soil significantly decreased the number of leaves plant [-1] of Amaranth, Chinese Amaranth and Spinach. Shoot height and root length of the tested vegetables crops were also significantly decreased by Pb application except for root of spinach. The present decline in shoot height at 100 mg Pb kg[-1] soil treatment as compared to the control was about 57, 75 and 47% for Amaranth, Chinese Amaranth and Spinach, respectively. The reduction of root length of Amaranth and Chinese Amaranth was 34 and 59%, respectively at the highest rate of Pb application from that of the control. In general, a gradual decrease in shoot and root biomass of all the crops with increasing rates of Pb application was observed. Shoot and root biomass of amaranth were reduced by 49 and 45% respectively with 100 mg Pb kg[-1] soil treatment over control. The corresponding reductions for Chinese Amaranth were 27 and 48% and for Spinach were 39 and 45%, respectively