RESUMO
Background: India has very high incidence of oral cancer. The purpose of this prospective study was to analyze the epidemiology of oral cancer patients in katihar medical college. Methods: Prospective study was performed in 100 patients of diagnosed oral cancer from October 2016 to August 2018. Results: The largest number of cases in this study was distributed in age group of 56 yr – 70 yrs of age (46%). The lowest number of case distribution were noted in 25-35yrs (4%). Tabacco chewing in the form of paan ,khaini , gutka , was habit of 48% where as smoking in the form of bidi cigarrets was in 27% of patients . 13 % of patients were both of tabacco chewing and smoking habits. Conclusion: Smokeless tobacco specially in our country in the form of paan khaini , gutka are heavily consumed specially in younger age of society which has to stop at any cost to decrease the incidence of oral cancer.
RESUMO
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common and most neglected complication of diabetes, estimated to be roughly 8% in recently diagnosed patients and greater than 50% in patients with chronic disease history. The insulin resistance (IR) itself is bidirectionally associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CAN is a predisposing factor. The primary objective of the present study was aimed to find a correlation of triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) in CAN patients along with the prevalence of CAN in T2DM patients as a secondary objective. This prevalence study was conducted on 202 patients visiting the diabetic clinic of Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard (HIMSR) teaching hospital in New Delhi, India who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The Ewings autonomic function test was used for diagnosis of CAN. TyG index was calculated for patients based on fasting levels of glucose and triglyceride. The CAN was diagnosed in 62 participants out of 202 T2DM patients (overall prevalence 30.7%). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) for TyG index was 10.3 ± 0.2 and 9.5 ± 0.2 in CAN positive, T2DM patients, respectively. The difference of TyG index, in CAN positive and T2DM patients, was highly significant (P < 0.001). Further correlation analysis was performed to find an association of TyG index, duration, and age with patient groups. TyG index showed a positive correlation with heart rate during deep breathing (HRD), heart rate variation during standing (HRS), blood pressure (BP) response to handgrip and BP response to standing. Our finding highlights the TyG index, low-cost IR index, might be useful as an alternative tool for the early screening of patients at a high risk of diabetic neuropathy.