Boon that Resolves Microscopic Puzzle

Introduction: Immunohistochemistry plays a major role to confirm the accurate diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma B cell type -Tonsillar fossa. Case Presentation: A 65 year old male presented with blocking sensation in the throat, dysphagia and loss of appetite with loss of weight since 2 months. Video laryngoscopic examination revealed a growth in the right tonsil. Contrast enhanced CT neck showed well defined mass in the tonsillar fossa with multiple enlarged lymph nodes in right submandibular and para tracheal region. Biopsy showed predominantly necrotic tonsillar tissue with lymphoid cells showing angiocentric distribution along with few bizarre cells. The differential diagnosis was Lymphoma and Poorly differentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was done which showed the neoplastic cells positive for CD 20 and negative for CD 3 and cytokeratin. A diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma B cell type-Right tonsillar fossa was made. The patient was referred to medical oncology for chemotherapy. Conclusion: We present this case to highlight the role of immunohistochemistry to arrive at the accurate diagnosis and management of the patient.

Study of blood cultures by BACTEC method in pediatric patients of Chhattisgarh, India

Background: 356 children aged' between 2 to 4 years admitted at PICU were selected for study B.D BACTEC 9050 system was used for incubation bottle' were incubated until microbial growth was detected, BACTEC 9050 is an automated blood culture system which responds to concentration of' Co2 produced by metabolism microorganism or consumption of O2, needed for growth of microorganism.Methods: The antibiotic used were Amoxicin 250 mcg, penicillin 100 unit linezoid 50 Mcg, vancomycin 50 mcg, ampicillin 100 mcg, Azithromycin 100 Mcg, pipericillin/ Tozabactum, 100/50mcg, ceforazone/ salbactum 50/30 mcg, cefoxitin 50 mcg, cefepime 50 mcg, Amikacin 50 mcg, Imipenen 30 mcg, ceftazidime- clavulanic acid..Results: The observed organized were 90 (25.2%) CoNS, 72 (20.2%) Entrobacter, 70 (19.6%) Klebesiella' spp, 40(11.1%) Enterococcus, 22(6.1%) S, auresis, 22 (6.1%) E coli,' 20(5.6%) citrobacters, 20(5.6%) Acinitobacter. This blood culture study' by BACTEC 9050 in pediatric patients in few minutes.Conclusions: BACTEC-9050 method was helpful to treat especially in children because most of diseases in children are idiopathic and life threatening.

Morphological variations of the lung fissures and lobes.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the position of fissures of the lungs is necessary for the appreciation of lobar anatomy and thus locating the bronchopulmonary segments. METHODS: Morphological variations of fissures and lobes of the lungs were studied in 30 pairs of lungs from cadavers. RESULTS: Five right-sided lungs showed absence of horizontal fissure, 19 showed incomplete horizontal fissure. Eleven right-sided and 14 left-sided lungs showed incomplete oblique fissure and two right-sided lungs showed both absence of horizontal fissure and an incomplete oblique fissure. Accessory fissure was seen in three left-sided and one right-sided lungs. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness regarding anatomical variations is essential for performing lobectomies and segmental resection and interpreting radiological images.

Categorisation of ventilatory pattern of response to bronchodilator therapy in airflow limitation.

Improvement in lung function studies following bronchodilator inhalation leads to different pattern of response in ventilatory parameters which are helpful in categorizing the patients into groups for correct interpretation of bronchodilator response and assessment of prognosis of the disease.

An easy method of spirometry.

Recording of forced expiration from tidal inspiratory level-referred to as Forced Expiratory Capacity (FEC) is a simple and more convenient technique than the conventional forced vital capacity (FVC) manouvre. From FEC tracing, volume expelled in one second (FEC1) and its percentage (FEC1%) can be measured. Such spirometric recording obtained from tidal breathing to Residual Volume (RV) may be referred to as Spirometric Recording at low lung volume. Asthmatics as well as old subjects find this manouvre easier to perform than the conventional FVC technique. FEC recording becomes a simple, reliable and sensitive test for evaluation of early airway obstruction in asymptomatic smokers and therefore may be utilised in clinical and epidemiologic surveys.

Inspiratory spirogram in emphysema.

Bronchodilator therapy on inspiratory indices has not been documented so far. Reduction in inspiratory airflow resistance following inhalation of bronchodilator giving the most consistent and significant changes in emphysematous patients has been demonstrated in the present study.

Spirometric data in South Indian subjects 60-80 years of age.

Forced expiratory and inspiratory vital capacities and the timed expiratory and inspiratory volumes and forced expiratory and inspiratory flow rates were determined in 50 old men and women between 60-80 years of age. Some of the ratios between expiratory and inspiratory volumes and flow-rates that have been found to be useful for detecting some forms of ventilatory defects are also given.

Adaptation to salinity by fish. Macromolecular changes in mitochondria and microsomes of the gill.

Mitochondria isolated from the gill tissues of the fish Sarothredon mossambica were analysed for their macromolecular content, following transfer from freshwater to media of higher salinity. The results suggest a breakdown of mitochondria during the initial phases of the stress and a regeneration during continued exposure. Also all the synthetic machineries, in general, seem to be triggered in gill tissue during continuous exposure to hyperosmotic media.