Antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase potential and flavonol glycosides of Biscutella raphanifolia [Brassicaceae]

Different extracts of the aerial parts of Biscutella raphanifolia [Brassicaceae], which has not been the subject of any study, were screened for the phytochemical content, anti-microbial, antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities. We used four methods to identify the antioxidant activity namely, ABTS[*+], DPPH[*] scavenging, CUPRAC and ferrousions chelating methods. Since there is a relationship between antioxidants and cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors, we used two methods to determine the in vitro anti-cholinesterase activity by the use of the basic enzymes that occur in causing Alzheimer's disease: acetylcholinesterase [AChE] and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE]. The extracts were also tested in vitro antimicrobial activity against various bacteria. The phytochemical study of B. raphanifolia afforded four flavonol glycosides; namely, quercetin-3-O- beta -D-g1ucoside, quercetin-3-O-[beta -D-glucosyl[1[right wards]2]-O- beta -D-glucoside], quercetin-3- O-[beta -D-glucosyl[1[right wards]3]-O- beta -D-glucoside] and kaempferol-3-O-[beta -D-glucosyl[1[right wards]2]-[[6'''p-coumaroyl]- beta -D-glucoside], being isolated here for the first time from Biscutella raphanifolia and the genus. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity in ABTS[*+], DPPH[*] and CUPRAC assays, while the petroleum ether extract demonstrated optimum efficiency metal chelating activity. The dicloromethane and petroleum ether extracts showed a mild inhibition against AChE and BChE. However, the petroleum ether extract showed a good antibacterial activity against the pathovars Enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC], Enterotoxigenic E. coli [ETEC] and Enterococcus feacalis, whereas the Enterohemorrhagic E. coli [EHEC] strain was more sensitive to dichloromethane and n-butanol extracts

Synthesis and characterization of amino acid conjugates of oleanolic acid and their in vitro cytotoxic effect on HCC cell lines

Oleanolic acid [3p-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid; OA-Ol], a pentacyclic triterpene, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological ad biological activities. We have isolated oleanolic acid from methanoJic extract of Periploca aphylla, collected from surroundings of Karachi in the month of February

Furthermore, four known and two new C-28 amino .Kid conjugates of oleanolic acid were prepared to explore potential of these compounds on HCCs and one breast cancer :li line. Cytotoxic effects revealed that as compare to parent compound [OA-Ol], two derivatives OA-04 [p<0.000l] and OA-06 ]p<0.0 1 ] showed significantly increased /higher inhibition rates

Comparative evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic effects among parent abietyl alcohol and novel fatty acid ester derivatives against MCF7 and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines

Synthesis of twelve hitherto unreported esters of abietyl alcohol and screening of these esters against four cancer cell lines including one breast cancer line MCF7 and four hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines [HCC] Huh7, Hep3B, Snu449 and Plc has been determined using SRB assay. The Cell cycle progression showed changes in cellular behaviour after 48 and 72 hours in MCF7 and Huh7 cell lines. Abietyl alcohol was obtained from the reduction of abietic acid, a tricyclic diterpene, isolated from oleoresin of Pinus longifolia Roxberghii