Study of the toxic effects of cypermethrin in experimental animals

This study focuses on the toxic effects of a commercially available pesticide, cypermethrin [CM], on animals. This pesticide was administered in the form of aerosol spray through a nebulizer. The study was performed in four different groups and a constant dose of the pesticide was administered once, twice, thrice and four times a day to the respective group for a period of 30 days. The animals were then dissected to study the pesticide effects on different organs. The organs were preserved in 10% formalin. The tissues were processed by basic histopathological method and the slides were prepared for observation. The results were recorded on a performa and were quantified by a unique scoring system. It is concluded that the injurious effects to the mentioned organs were dose and frequency dependent

Histopathological spectrum of gastric biopsies in a tertiary care hospital

This study was carried out to determine the histopathological spectrum of gastric lesions at a tertiary care hospital. A retrospective study. This study was conducted at Dr. Tahir Laboratory from Gastroenterology unit of Hamdard University Hospital Karachi from July 2009 to August 2012. The gastric mucosal biopsies of 280 patients received at Dr. Tahir Laboratory from Gastroenterology unit of Hamdard University Hospital Karachi. A slight higher frequency of gastric disease seen in females with age range of 17 years to 78 years was observed. The clinical presentations mostly seen were abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite and weight loss. The histopathology revealed chronic active gastritis [H Pylori positive and negative] followed by malignant gastric ulcer. A number of biopsies were unremarkable histologically. The more prevalent lesions in this series were chronic active gastritis. H. pylori associated gastritis was seen in majority of the patients. Thus gastric biopsy is an essential tool for diagnosis and confirmation of clinically suspected cases

Histopathological study of 209 cases of early abortions

Determining the frequencies of various histological abnormalities of chorionic villi in cases of spontaneous abortions for better understanding of etiology and pathogenesis of the abortions. Cross sectional study. This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences [DUHS] Karachi from January 2009 to December 2010. A total of 209 cases were included in this study from January 2009 to December 2010 and studied for the following variables e.g. age, date of last menstrual period [if given], period of amenorrhea [if available], history of previous abortions. This information was obtained from surgical pathological registers, request cards and copies of reports. The slides and paraffin blocks of cases coded as Abortions were collected from the files of Surgical Pathology of Department of Pathology Dow Medical College DUHS. The paraffin blocks were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A total of 209 cases of Abortions were studied. In order to find the commonest age group of abortions, the maternal age of the patients were divided into 5 groups with less than 20 years to more than 35 years. Maximum numbers of abortions were encountered in maternal age group of 31-35 years with 85 cases [40.66%] and minimum number of abortions seen in maternal age of< 20 years with 16 cases [7.65%]. Regarding the gestational period, it was provided in 117 cases. A maximum number of 45 cases [38.46%] were seen during 8-12 weeks of gestation and a minimum number of 10 cases [8.5%] were noted between 16-20 weeks. In the remaining 92 cases gestational period was assessed by estimation of presence / absence of nucleated RBCs in chorionic villi according to Salafia et-al. Histological changes found in the chorionic villi were classified into 3 types according to Rushton's classification. This included hydropic change of the villi [type-I] fibrotic change [type-II] and normal honey combed appearance [type-III]. Out of the 209 cases of abortions, 104 cases belonged to type-I, 81 cases classified as type-II and 24 cases as type-III. It is of empirical value that products of conception should be studied in detail then just to confirm that pregnancy was established. This is of significant importance in patients with recurrent and habitual abortions, so as to establish a probable cause and to manage future pregnancies

Central nervous system tumors: a hospital based analysis

To assess the spectrum of CNS tumors and provide benchmark data for future studies assessing data in continuum. Descriptive study. This study was carried out from Jan 2003 till Jan 2009 at Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa [Naval Hospital] Karachi, Pakistan. One hundred cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included between the ages of 1-85 years belonging to both genders. Majority of the cases were seen in the year 2008 with the most commonly encountered lesion being the glial tumors followed by the meningiothelial neoplasms. Our findings were similar to previous similar studies in our setup with little change in trends. Glial tumors appear to be more common in our setup whereas the popularly believed Meningiothelial tumors though common came next. Our study can form the benchmark data upon which future studies can be conducted

Frequency of transitional cell carcinoma in local suburban population of Karachi

To determine the clinicopathological characteristics and frequency of different pathological lesions, particularly Transitional Cell Carcinoma in urinary bladder biopsies, this study was conducted in histopathology section of tertiary care hospitals [Jinnah and Civil hospital] filtering the suburban population of Karachi during August 2001 to July 2005. All patients who visited the Urology. Out Patient Department and presented with haematuria, dysuria etc. were included. Cystoscopy and bladder biopsies were performed. The biopsies were preserved in 10% formalin. Gross examination was done and embedded in paraffin. Light microscopy technique was used for diagnosis. Out of 43 patients, 31 [72.09%] were males and 12 [27.90%] were females. The spectrum of pathological lesions included inflammations, dysplasia and tumours. Transitional cell carcinoma was the most common tumour seen in this study; [93.33%] cases. The peak age of incidence was between 41-68 years

Significance of PAP Smear in diagnosing Endometrial Carcinoma

To explore the role of cervical cytology in the diagnosis of endometrial disease in postmenopausal women in our set up. Study was conducted at Department of Pathology and Microbiology of The Aga Khan University, Karachi Pakistan during 2004. To assess the correlation between endometrial cells on routine cervical cytology and endometrial carcinoma, 57 Pap smears were taken from postmenopausal women with and without abnormal bleeding. The mean age was 54 +/- 7 years. The results of cervical cytology were compared and further confirmed with the endometrial histology. We found a positive association between endometrial cells in Pap smear and carcinoma of the endometrium in six out of 57 patients [11.02%] while remaining 51 patients [88.98%] were benign. However, the presence of atypical endometrial cells in Pap smear and the abnormal vaginal bleeding confirmed the diagnosis. The data indicate the importance of further diagnostic evaluation with endometrial sampling in postmenopausal women with endometrial cells seen in Pap smear, especially in abnormal vaginal bleeding