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Background: Depression is one of the mental disorders which have become a public health problem throughout of the world. The objective of this study was to investigate depression and to determine its correlated factors among students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences [SUMS]
Methods: 358 students of SUMS participated in this cross sectional study in 2012. The participants were selected by Proportion Partition sampling method. A two-part questionnaire was used as the data collecting tool. In the first part, demographic characteristics and in the second part the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] were included
Results: Mean score of depression in the studied population was 10.98. More than half of all the participants [54.7%] were symptomless; 41% of them were in the weak to moderate depression categories, and 4.2% in the strong and very strong categories. The data showed a significant relationship between scores of depression and marital status, academic grade, field content of study, use of psychoactive drugs, job outlook, problem with marriage and religious commitments. The depression scores in the married, religious and postgraduate participants and in those participants with course pleasure and excellent career perspective were lower than those in the other groups
Conclusion: Taking measures to reduce the factors leading to mental disorders is recommended. The involvement of students in socio-cultural, recreational and sport activities, reinforcement of consultation and clinical psychological services, and promotion of religious beliefs are instrumental in the enhancement of moral values and amelioration of depression among university students
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Background: Sleep disorders like snoring, mouth breathing, and insomnia are frequent in pregnancy and studies have shown that poor sleep is linked to obstetric complications. Muscle relaxation technique is an effective method used for improving sleep quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of muscle relaxation technique on fetal outcomes in complicated pregnancies with sleep disorders
Methods: This study was performed as a clinical trial on 160 pregnant women who suffered from preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. The participants filled the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] in order to measure the quality and patterns of their sleep. The participants with the total score of 5 or more were included in the present study. Intervention group were asked to use muscle relaxation technique twice a week at home for 8 weeks alongside the routine care. Study variables included sleep quality, Apgar scores, birth weight, levels of Interleukin- 6 [IL- 6], as well as umbilical cord PH and PO2
Results: The mean score of PSQI before the intervention was 9.28+/-4.16 and 9.18+/-3.06 in the intervention and control groups without a significant difference [P=0.6], respectively. However, PSQI global score of the experimental group was smaller than the control group at the end of the study [P<0.001]. Also, birth weight [P=0.04], Apgar score [P=0.01], and umbilical cord blood po2 [P=0.03] and PH [P=0.01] were higher, and IL-6 [P=0.04] was smaller in the experimental group compared to the control group
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that muscle relaxation, as a simple, inexpensive and safe method, can improve the fetal outcomes such as birth weight, Apgar score, cord blood po2, and cord blood PH, and also it leads to lower IL-6 in complicated pregnancies
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Background: Urinary tract infection [UTI] is one of the most common infections seen in all age and both sex groups which frequently occur among adolescent and young women. UTIs are the second most common cause of emergency department attendance for adolescents. Considering the importance of promoting preventive behaviors of UTI, we aimed to evaluate the effect of peer education based on health belief model [HBM] on preventive behaviors of UTI among first-grade high school female students
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, we recruited 168 first-grade high school girl students who were assigned into intervention [n=84] and control [n=84] groups. Data were collected using an HBM questionnaire which was designed by the researcher based on the review of the literature; before, immediately after and one month after the intervention. A total of 12 students in the intervention groups were selected as peer educator and attended two 2-hour training sessions for one week and were trained by the researcher. Afterwards, the trained peers taught the learned materials to their peers in two 1-hour sessions for two weeks through conferences and question-andanswer sessions. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 using t test and RMANOVA. The significance level was set at <0.05
Results: The results showed that the mean scores of knowledge, HBM constructs and preventive behaviors related to UTI significantly increased in the participants of intervention group immediately after and one month after the intervention.[P<0.001]
Conclusion: Peer education based on HBM seem to promote preventive behaviors related to UTI and reduce the risk of the disease among students
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Introduction: Nowadays human capital is the main asset in organizations. Thus, the employees' intellectual involvement is a key factor in the success of organizations. Hence organizations should seek for factors that affect and boost the employees' intellectual involvement. Therefore, the present research aimed at discovering the relationship between organizational commitment and social capital with intellectual involvement among employees of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Method: The study population consisted of staff employees at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. A sample of 224 employees was selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected using three questionnaires including social capital, organizational commitment, and intellectual involvement. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient
Results: It was found that the level of social capital, organizational commitment, and intellectual involvement was at an average level. There was a significant relationship between intellectual involvement and degree [p<0.01] and marital status [p<0.05]. Other demographic variables had no significant relationship with research variables. Moreover, all research variables and their dimensions had a significant relationship with each other [p<0.01]
Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that with improvement in each of the research variables, other variables will improve. For example, as a result of improvement in social capital or organization commitment, intellectual involvement will increase and the organization could use its competitive advantage
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Orgasmic disorder can create a feeling of deprivation and failure and provide mental problems, incompatibility and marital discord. This study aimed to compare the effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia flower extract and sildenafil citrate on female orgasmic disorder in women in 2013. In this randomized clinical trial, 125 women between 18-40 years old who suffered from orgasmic disorder were divided into three E. angustifolia, sildenafil citrate and control groups. The data were gathered using Female Sexual Function Index and through measurement of TSH and prolactin. The first intervention group had to consume 4.5 gr E. angustifolia extract in two divided doses for 35 days and the second one had to use 50 mg sildenafil citrate tablets for 4 weeks one hour before their sexual relationship. However, the control group had to consume the placebo. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-hoc test and p < 0.05 was considered significant. The frequency of orgasmic disorder before the intervention was 41.5%, 40.5%, and 57.1% in E. angustifolia, sildenafil citrate, and control groups, respectively [p=0.23]. However, these measures were respectively 29.3%, 16.7%, and 50% after the intervention [p=0.004]. A significant difference between the two groups regarding sexual satisfaction after the intervention [p=0.003] compared to the beginning of the study [p=0.356]. Besides, the highest reduction of changes after the intervention [58.82%] was observed in the sildenafil citrate group. Both E. angustifolia extract and sildenafil citrate were effective in reduction of the frequency of orgasmic disorder in women
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Humanos , Feminino , Extratos Vegetais , Piperazinas , Purinas , Sulfonamidas , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Sexuality constitutes an important part of women's life. Healthy and proper sexual functioning is one of the signs of physical and mental health. The present study aimed to identify the effect of education on sexual health of women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. In this randomized clinical trial, 80 married women at reproductive age were randomly divided into a control and an education group. These women participated in this study based on selfreporting of having hypoactive sexual desire disorder. After six weekly educational sessions regarding sexual health, percentage of changes in sexual desire was assayed using Hurlbert index of sexual desire. Independent and paired t-test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. After the intervention, a significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the sexual desire score [P<0.001]. The results also showed a significant difference within groups in this regard [P<0.001]. According to the results of this study, it seems that educational intervention regarding sexual health was effective for the women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Thus, establishing sexual health education units in different health centers is highly necessary. These centers can help couples to promote their sexual knowledge and treat their sexual dysfunctions
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Depression is one of the most debilitating disorders during pregnancy and its recovery and treatment are among the concerns of obstetrics and gynecology experts. The present study aimed to determine the effect of omega-3 supplement on mild depression during pregnancy among primiparous women. In this double-blind clinical trial, 80 primiparous women were randomly divided into 2 groups of omega-3 and placebo. The experimental group received 1 g omega-3 capsules for 6 weeks. The study data were collected by completing Beck Depression Inventory before and 6 weeks after the intervention. The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean score of depression before and after the intervention [P<0.001]. Besides, the mean difference of depression score before and after the intervention was significantly higher in the omega-3 group [P<0.001]. Considering the study results, using omega-3 supplement is a suitable method for recovery from mild depression during pregnancy with no complications for mothers and infants
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The most common treatment for asthma is transferring the drug into the lungs by inhaler devices. Besides, correct use of inhaled medication is required for effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. Thus, it is necessary to train the patients how to use Metered Dose Inhaler [MDI]. This study aimed to determine the effect of training about MDI usage with or without spacer on maximum expiratory flow rate and inhaler usage skills in asthmatic patients. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 90 asthmatic patients who were randomly divided into inhalation technique group with spacer, inhalation technique group without spacer, and a control group. Then, the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate [PEFR] was measured using a peak flow meter, as a basic test. In addition, the patients' functional skills of inhalation technique were assessed using two checklists. Afterwards, 3 sessions of training were arranged for both groups. PEFR and the ability to use the MDI were evaluated immediately and 1 month after the intervention. Finally, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software [v. 18] and analyzed using independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. After the intervention, MDI usage skills improved in the two intervention groups compared to the control group [P<0.001]. In addition, a significant difference was found between the intervention groups and the control group regarding the mean of PEFR after the intervention [P<0.001]. However, no significant difference was observed between the two intervention groups [P=0.556]. According to the results, providing appropriate training for asthmatic patients increased MDI usage skills, and both methods of inhalation [with or without spacer] could improve the PEFR among the patients
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Inaladores Dosimetrados , Pico do Fluxo Expiratório , Inalação , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Espaçadores de InalaçãoRESUMO
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV] epidemics are largely linked to high-risk populations such as female commercial sex workers [FSWs]. This study assessed sexual behaviors, attitudes and knowledge of this marginalized group
Methods: We conducted a cross- sectional study on 278 selfidentified FSWs by using Respondent Driven Sampling [RDS] method in Shiraz, south of Iran, from June 2010 to March 2011. Volunteer women were interviewed in order to explore issues such as sexual behavior, sexual violence, work conditions, contraceptive methods, HIV/AIDS knowledge, HIV test, and source of HIV information
Results: The majority of participants [95.1%] knew about condoms; however, only 40.6% used condoms consistently. Despite the subject's wide knowledge regarding modes of transmission, 61% and 40% did not use any protection with anal and oral intercourse, respectively. 21% of FSWs experienced sexual violence. Nearly half [45.2%] of them had an HIV test and more than three-quarters knew their test results. The women in our study preferred to receive their information from health workers [63%] and peer group [45.2%]
Conclusion: This study sheds light on the existing knowledge and practices of this high-risk group. Although the majority of FSWs were familiar with HIV/AIDS, risky behaviors such as anal and oral sex are still in practice; this calls for education and HIV prevention campaigns focusing on risk education awareness. Efforts in addressing the problem of inconsistent condom use needs to be directed towards client specific approaches and must be regarded a top priority
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Background: The United Nations has predicted that the population of slum dwellers will have grown from one billion people worldwide to 2 billion by 2030. This trend is also predictable in Iran. In the Iranian metropolis of Shiraz, more than 10% of the residents live in slum areas. There are several problems regarding the delivery of social services in these areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate slums dwellers' access to and coverage of health care
Methods: This cross-sectional face-to-face study included 380 household of slum dwellers via stratified random sampling. Demographics, accessibility of health services, coverage of health care, and route of receiving health services were recorded through interviews
Results: Approximately, 21.6% of the households had no physical access to health centers. The coverage rate of family planning programs for safe methods was 51.4% [95% CI: 48.86-53.9%]. Vaccination coverage among children under 5 years old was 98% [95% CI: 97-99%]. Furthermore, 34% of pregnant women had not received standard health care due to a lack of access to health centers
Conclusion: Limited access to health services along with inadequate knowledge of slum residents about health care facilities was the main barrier to the utilization of the health care in the slums