RESUMO
Multiple risk factors are introduced for Multiple Sclerosis [MS]. Recent studies have suggested a possible correlation between vitamin D deficiency and an increase risk of MS. This study was therefore undertaken to compare vitamin D levels in new cases of MS and their relatives as healthy controls. Seventy five new diagnosed MS patients and 100 matched healthy controls among their relatives were enrolled in this study. Two groups were matched for gender, age, season in which serum level of vitamin D was checked and region and diet. Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D was measured, recorded and analyzed. Seventy five patients [57 female and 18 male] and 100 healthy subjects [75 female and 25 male] were enrolled in this study. The mean serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in case and control groups were 11.31 and 17.9 ng/ml, respectively [P=0.003]. Compared to the healthy subject, serum levels of vitamin D were significantly lower in patients with MS. This difference was only significant in women. Observed difference of vitamin D levels of both groups were significant in summer. This study continues to support the role of vitamin D deficiency in MS
RESUMO
Migraine is the most common cause of headache which affects 15% of female and 6% of male populations. Patients with migraine may have psychological problems, thus, association of migraine with depression, anxiety and other psychological disorders should be considered for choosing the best management approach. In this case-control analytical study, one hundred and twenty patients with migraine were recruited among patients who attended the Psychiatry Clinic of Farshchian Hospital in Hamedan, Iran during 2008- 2009. The patients met the IHS criteria for migraine and none had disorders, such as Huntington disease, that are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]. The people who accompanied patients attending the Internal Medicine Clinic of the Hospital and had no history of migraine headaches were recruited as the controls. Maudsley's inventory was used for the diagnosis of OCD. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software. In the control group, 3 [2.5%] and in the case group 11 [9.17%] people had OCD [P=0.024]. All of those with OCD in the control group and 9 out of 11 in the case group were female. There were no cases of OCD among patients with mild migraine. Among 36 patients with moderate headache 5 [13.89%] people had OCD and among 62 people with severe migraine 6 [9.68%] had OCD [P=0.510]. The prevalence of OCD in patients with migraine was significantly higher than the normal population. Special attention to comorbid conditions such as OCD is necessary in the management of migraine headaches
RESUMO
Huntingtons disease is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion [CAG]n in the gene coding for Huntingtin [Htt] and is one of the several polyglutamine diseases. Its physical symptoms occur in a large range of ages, with a mean occurrence in a persons late 40s and early 50s. Almost all references indicated that if the age of onset is below 20 years then it is known as juvenile HD. Our case was an Iranian family with 4 affected siblings [2 sisters and 2 brothers]. In addition to 4 affected children, they had 5 normal male progenies. There was no any other case in their family history. The onset age of the disease in our case family was 20 to 25 years. Their parents were unaffected and nonconsanguineous. Analysis of the pathogenic [CAG]n repeat region of the HD gene for the affected members have showed an expansion allele with 46, 50, 46, and 44 repeats in 4 affected siblings. Our results indicated that the age of 20 years maybe is not a stable limit point for all cases of juvenile HD, and perhaps onset ages are related with the CAG repeat sizes in such individuals