"Impact of team characteristics on team performance" [hospitals of Lahore Pakistan]

Objective: The main objective of the study to find out the relationship between team behaviors characteristics and team performance. This article is helpful to explore the relationship between team behavior, characteristics and performance of the in terms of role clarity, openness to change, goal motivation and cohesion

Study Design: Observational / descriptive / cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Global Institute [CFE Campus] Lahore from January 2015 to July 2015

Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from the medical directors of public and private hospitals of Lahore. Questionnaire was conducted in the form of closed ended question. Survey was conducted from June. During the survey, overall 35 questionnaires were distributed. Participant responded the questionnaire on scale of 1 to 5

Results: The overall adjusted R-square is [0.739] its mean that the team performance is 73.9% depends upon these factor in this research we also analysis the factor individually. Cohesion is only variable that contributes only [0.100] 10%, Role Clarity [0.421] 42.1%, Goal Motivation [0.403] 40.3% and openness to change is [0.264]26.4% respectively. All the variables are highly significant other than cohesion

Conclusion: Medical Directors of Public and Private Hospitals are agreed with the statement regarding team performance, role clarity, goal motivation, openness to change

Differentiation of common gram negative pathogens by PCR- ribotyping

Gram negative bacteria especially members of family Enterobacteriaceae are among the most frequently isolated organisms from the clinical specimens. Rapid diagnosis of the pathogen in a clinical sample is always very important. Conventional methods are time-consuming. Among molecular techniques, PCR is very useful but unless very specific primers are used, non-specific amplifications are a problem. PCR-ribotying is a technique that gives very specific multiple bands by use of a single primer set. This study was designed to establish patterns for five common pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae, namely Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi [Salmonella Typhi], Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Cirtobacter freundii along with another very common and problematic gram negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Each species gave a specific ribotyping pattern. Escherichia coli gave four amplification products of 1200, 850, 800, and 700 bps. Four amplification products of different sizes were also observed in Citrobacter freundii [3000, 850, 700, and 580 bps], Proteus vulgaris [900, 800, 750 and 700 bps], and Klebisella aerogenes [3000, 870, 700 and 520 bps]. More discrimination with five amplification products was seen in Salmonella Typhi [3000, 1200, 900, 850, and 700 bps]. On the other side of spectrum was Pseudomonas aeruginosa only a single amplification product of 750 bps was observed. PCR-ribotyping can very efficiently and specifically differentiate between opportunistic gram negative human pathogens

Pharmacognostic study of a local medicinal plant, pongamia pinnata L

Anatomy, macro and microscopic study of powdered drug and chemical tests of powdered drug of Pongamia pinnata L. used as miswak were carried out during 2003-2004 in Department of Botany University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi. Pongamia pinnata is a medium sized tree, leaves are alternate, imparipinnately compound, having entire leaf margin and elliptic shape. Stem is hard and woody with spreading branches in dropping manner, flowers are pink, white or creamy gray and showy, fruit is elongated pod and brown in colour. Powdered miswak showed parenchyma cells, fibers, vessels, crystals and oil droplets. Cross section of stem showed the epidermis and cortex, the vascular bundles were present in the form of ring. Powdered miswak was pale green and slightly soluble in sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid. It retained its original colour in benzene and water in mixture and in hydrochloric acid on filter paper

Palynological study of wild plant species of University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, Pakistan

The palynological stud of ten wild plant species of L niversity of Arid Agriculture, Raw alpindi [UAAR] was carried during 2003-04, The study was confined to the pollen fertility investigation and morphological characteristics of pollens. It was revealed by microscopic observation that pollen fertility of selected species ranged from 98-100%. The pollen grains of almost all selected wild species were circular in shape. The size of the pollen grains was variable from species to species. Palynological results were found to be a good taxonomic character among these wild species upto family and genus. These information on the pollen grains were useful for future research and serve as a tool for the reconstruction of past vegetation and environment