Study on methylation level of replication related genes of occult hepatitis B virus / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the level of occult hepatitis B virus methylation and replication related genes, and to explore the effect of the former on the latter. 【Methods】 The cases in control group (healthy control, n=3), occult hepatitis B group (occult HBV group, n=3) and hepatitis B group (HBV group, n=3) were detected by Illumina methylation 850k chip. The difference analysis, GO analysis and KEGG analysis were carried out. The methylation and virus replication related genes DNMT1, DNMT2, Dnmt3a and ZHX2 were screened for RT-PCR. 【Results】 The methylation level of occult HBV group and HBV group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Difference analysis showed that there were 1 050 differential methylation sites in occult HBV group with the methylation level greater than non-methylation level, and 1 340 differential methylation sites as the opposite compared with the control group. In HBV group, there were 1 008 differential methylation sites with methylation level greater than non-methylation level, and 1 242 differential methylation sites as the opposite. Go analysis showed that compared with the control group, the differential gene expression in occult HBV group and HBV group was significantly related to many anabolic processes in biological process (BP), cell composition (CC) and molecular function (MF). The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway between the control group and the occult HBV group showed that the differential genes were mainly involved in adhesion junction, basal cell carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, EB virus infection, hepatocellular carcinoma and other signal pathways. The enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway in occult HBV group and HBV group showed that the differential genes were mainly involved in AMPK signal pathway, cell cycle, endometrial cancer, hepatitis C, hepatocellular carcinoma and other signal pathways. DNMT1 and DNMT3a in occult HBV group and HBV group were significantly higher while ZHX2 was significantly lower than those in control group. 【Conclusion】 The methylation level of occult HBV group and HBV group increased significantly while ZHX2 decreased significantly. Hypermethylation inhibited the expression of ZHX2 and changed the replication of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus DNA methylation provides a theoretical basis for the replication mechanism of hepatitis B virus and a new method for the treatment of hepatitis B virus.

Effects of sodium fluoride on growth and development and serum oxidative stress of offspring rats / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of sodium fluoride on growth and development and serum oxidative stress of offspring rats.Methods:Twenty-four clean female SD rats and 24 clean male SD rats were selected, weighting 180 - 220 g, and mating in the same cage for 10 d according to 1 ∶ 1 for male and female. According to body weight by random number table method, the female rats were divided into control group, low-dose fluoride group, and high-dose fluoride group, 8 rats in each group. They were drunk 0, 100 and 200 mg/L sodium fluoride solution prepared with purified water, respectively, and they all ate standard feed. The female rats were exposed to fluoride from the 0th day of pregnancy to the 3rd week after the offspring rats were born (before weaning). After weaning, 10 female offspring rats were selected from each group and continued to be exposed to fluoride in the same amount and manner until the 12th week after birth. The body weight, body length and hind limb length of the offspring rats were measured every week before weaning and every two weeks after weaning. After 12th week of exposure to fluoride, blood samples were taken from abdominal aortas to detect the levels of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC).Results:At the 2nd week after birth, the body weight [(24.87 ± 3.36) g], body length [(6.37 ± 0.52) cm] and hind limb length [(2.27 ± 0.13) cm] of the offspring rats in high-dose fluoride group were lower than those in control group [(29.23 ± 4.19) g, (6.92 ± 0.47), (2.44 ± 0.16) cm, P < 0.05], but there was no statistically significant difference between low-dose fluoride group and control group and high-dose fluoride group ( P > 0.05). At 3rd to 12th weeks after birth, the body weight, body length and hind limb length of the offspring rats in high-dose fluoride group were lower than those in low-dose fluoride group and control group ( P < 0.05), the low-dose fluoride group were lower than those in control group ( P < 0.05). Serum SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC levels in control group [(176.51 ± 29.55), (985.23 ± 164.80) U/ml, (0.864 ± 0.167) mmol/L] were higher than those in low-dose fluoride group [(127.98 ± 24.41), (776.53 ± 107.85) U/ml, (0.639 ± 0.110) mmol/L] and high-dose fluoride group [(99.75 ± 14.56), (425.14 ± 78.67) U/ml, (0.441 ± 0.072) mmol/L], the levels of MDA and iNOS [(3.37 ± 0.73) nmol/ml, (189.00 ± 44.67) pg/ml] were lower than those in low-dose fluoride group [(8.22 ± 1.38) nmol/ml, (305.60 ± 73.41) pg/ml] and high-dose fluoride group [(14.81 ± 1.81) nmol/ml, (431.00 ± 91.19) pg/ml], the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05); the levels of serum SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC in high-dose fluoride group were lower than those in low-dose fluoride group, and the levels of MDA and iNOS were higher than those in low-dose fluoride group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Excessive fluoride can increase the serum oxidative stress level of offspring rats, which may affect the growth and development of offspring rats.

Effects of different doses of fluoride on vascular endothelial injury in rats / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of fluoride on vascular endothelial injury in rats.Methods:Thirty clean male SD rats of 2 - 3 months old were selected, with body mass of 180 - 220 g. According to body mass, they were divided into three groups by random number table. The rat model of fluorosis was established by drinking water intoxication. According to the concentration of sodium fluoride in drinking water, the three dosage groups were blank control group (0 mg/L of sodium fluoride), low dose group (100 mg/L of sodium fluoride), and high dose group (200 mg/L of sodium fluoride), with 10 rats in each group. The rats were continuously exposed to fluoride for 12 weeks, and their body mass was measured every 2 weeks. After 12 weeks of fluoride exposure, the levels of serum osteocalcin (BGP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), intercellular adhesion factor-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin (APN) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ultrastructure of vascular endothelium in rats was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results:At the 4th week of fluoride exposure, the body mass of rats in the blank control group was higher than that of the fluoride-exposed groups [(306.90 ± 19.13), (280.31 ± 18.44), (269.03 ± 17.47) g, P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference between the low dose group and the high dose group ( P > 0.05). From the 6th week of fluoride exposure, the body mass of rats in the blank control group was higher than that in the fluoride-exposed groups [(377.40 ± 23.72), (329.50 ± 21.78), (306.75 ± 27.09); (422.89 ± 32.23), (368.90 ± 23.79), (343.00 ± 18.41); (450.00 ± 29.26), (395.17 ± 28.22), (362.99 ± 21.77); (473.20 ± 28.43), (409.27 ± 29.95), (371.76 ± 21.65) g, P < 0.05], while that in the high dose group was lower than that in the low dose group ( P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of fluoride exposure through drinking water, the levels serum BGP, ET-1, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in blank control group were lower than those in fluoride-exposed groups ( P < 0.05), and the serum APN was higher than that in fluoride-exposed groups ( P < 0.05); while the levels of serum BGP, ET-1, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in high dose group were higher than those in low dose group, and the level of serum APN was lower than that in low dose group ( P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the external processes of vascular endothelial cells in the low dose group were not standardized, the endothelial cells were not closely connected with the basement membrane, and the vacuoles were obvious. In the high dose group, the endothelial cells became short or detached; the content of heterochromatin increased significantly, the endothelial cells dropped into the vascular cavity, and with endothelial cells apoptosis. Conclusion:High fluoride can cause vascular endothelial injury.

Effects of excessive fluoride on osteocalcin and glucose metabolism in mice / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the effects of excessive fluoride on osteocalcin and glucose metabolism in mice.Methods Thirty-two male C57 mice (body mass:18-24 g) were selected as study subjects which were randomized into four groups (8 mice in each group) according to their body mass by random number table method:0 mg/L group (control group),50 mg/L fluorine group,100 mg/L fluorine group and 150 mg/L fluorine group.Sodium fluoride in distilled water was freely taken by these animals to replicate fluorosis animal model.After 12 weeks,total osteocalcin,uncarboxylated osteocalcin,insulin and glucagon were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin were measured by chemiluminescence.Results After 12 weeks of intervention with sodium fluoride,serum total osteocalcin,uncarboxylated osteocalcin,fasting blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,insulin,and glucagon were significantly different between different groups (F =17.23,22.29,4.43,45.57,4.45,55.21,P ＜ 0.05).Total osteocalcin,uncarboxylated osteocalcin,fasting blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,and insulin in the 100,150 mg/L fluorine groups were higher than those of control group [(30.02 ± 5.35),(35.22 ± 4.98) vs (20.23 ± 3.22) μg/L;(8.72 ± 1.34),(11.01 ± 1.02) vs (5.80 ± 1.60) μg/L;(7.53 ± 2.29),(8.53 ± 2.81) vs (4.99 ± 1.60) mmol/L;(6.74 ± 0.68),(7.12 ± 0.25) vs (4.95 ± 0.28) mmol/L;(2.65 ± 0.25),(2.74 ± 0.47) vs (2.13 ± 0.28) mU/L,P＜ 0.05].The serum glucagon levels in the 50,100,150 mg/L fluorine groups were lower than that in the control group [(20.90 ± 3.00),(23.68 ± 2.58),(21.63 ± 2.42) vs (38.61 ± 3.73) ng/L,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Excessive fluoride can lead to elevated osteocalcin level and abnormal glucose metabolism in mice.

Effects on vibration perception threshold and the quality of life in the patients of high-risk diabetic foot treated with the pestle needling therapy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of the pestle needling therapy on the vibration perception threshold (VPT) and the quality of life (QOL) in the patients of high-risk diabetic foot.@*METHODS@#A total of 132 patients of high risk diabetic foot were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 66 cases in each one. In the control group, the routine treatment and nursing for diabetes were applied. In the observation group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, the pestle needling therapy was used at , , , Zusanli (ST 36), Yongquan (KI 1), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taixi (KI 3). The intervention with the pestle needling therapy was given once every day, consecutively for 4 weeks. The follow-up visit was conducted in 3 months and 6 months after the intervention. Vibration perception threshold (VPT) was observed before and after intervention in the two groups. Separately, before intervention, at the end of intervention, 3 months after intervention and 6 months after intervention, the type 2 diabetes mellitus quality life scale (DMQLS), the revised edition was adopted to compare the QOL between the two groups. The effects were evaluated in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After intervention, the VPT and QOL were all improved in the two groups (<0.01, <0.05). In the observation group, after intervention, VPT at the first toes and the dorsum of the feet was lower than the control group at the same time point (all <0.01). In the observation group, the total scores and the score of each dimension item in the DMQLS of the revised edition were all lower than the control group correspondently at the end of intervention, 3 months after intervention and 6 months after intervention (<0.01, <0.05). The repeated ANOVA results showed that the differences were significant in the total scores and the score of each dimension in the aspects of time, inter-group and interaction effect (<0.01, <0.05). The total scores and score of each dimension item in the DMQLS were lower than those the earlier time point (<0.01, <0.05). The total effective rate was 100.0% in the observation group, which was superior to 95.1% (59/62) in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The pestle needling therapy reduces the foot VPT and improves the sensory nerve function of the foot and the QOL in the patients of high-risk diabetic foot.

The relationship between visceral obesity and hyperuricemia in adults of Heping District of Tianjin / 天津医药

Objective To analyze the relationship between visceral obesity and hyperuricemia (HUA), and to provide the basis for the further study of obesity and HUA. Methods A total of 1 824 participants came from Tianjin Heping District Health Education Guidance Center in 2014 were selected in this study. The investigation was performed with physical examination and laboratory test for all subjects. Body fat analyzer was used to measure the visceral fat area (VFA). The Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between visceral obesity and HUA. Results The prevalence of HUA in men and women increased gradually with VFA increasing (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between VFA, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and serum uric acid (SUA) level (P<0.05). According to the results of Logistic regression analysis, VFA (OR=1.805,95%CI=1.166-2.794) and WHR (OR=2.108,95%CI=1.061-4.189) were the risk factors of HUA in men. And in women, VFA (OR=1.775,95%CI=1.154-2.732), WC (OR=2.015, 95%CI=1.137- 3.570) and WHR (OR=2.489, 95% CI=1.400- 4.426) were the risk factors of HUA. Conclusion The accumulation of visceral fat will increase the risk of HUA. So it is necessary to strengthen the detection of visceral obesity to prevent the development of HUA.

Research progress in effects and mechanisms of active components of Chinese herbal medicine on neural plasticity / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Emotional and cognitive disorders (EACD),such as depression and anxiety,have become very common in today′s society,seriously affecting human lives and health. Neural plasticity can reflect the anti-stress ability of the nervous system to the internal and external stimulation,and is capable of dynamic changes in structure or function to adapt to environmental changes,as is often manifested in the process of compensation and repair of nerve injuries. EACD is often accompanied by macroscopic and cellular morphological changes in brain tissues and functions. Thus,studies on the mechanisms of neural plasticity will contribute to the treatment of EACD. In this paper ,the role of neural plasticity in the active components of Chinese herbal medicine(ACCHM) is reviewed. The effects of ACCHM on 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)system,and the antioxidant activities and neurotrophic effects of ACCHM are described. ACCHM can affect neural plasticity,playing a neuroprotective role by improving 5-HT levels,reducing oxidative stress in brain cells,and increasing the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF). In summary,one ACCHM could affect neural plasticity through one or more mechanisms. There are interactions between different mechanisms of the same ACCHM. Different ACCHM can play a synergistic effect on the enhancement of neural plasticity because of their different mechanisms.

Clinical analysis of risk factors of post ischemic stroke seizure:a case-control study / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To explore the risk factors and clinical features of post ischemic stroke seizure in order to direct clinical intervention,optimal treatment and improve prognosis.Methods:There were 47 patients with post ischemic stroke seizure,50 ischemic stroke patients without secondary seizure.The clinical data of them were reviewed.Multivariate stepwise logistic model analysis was made after univariate analysis.Results:Univariate analysis showed that lesion location,ischemic stroke subtype,NIHSS were associated with the development of seizures after ischemic stroke.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cardioembolic infarction,cortical location,high NIHSS were independent risk factors for seizures after ischemic stroke.Conclusion:Post ischemic stroke patients who have cardioembolic infarction,cortical location,high NIHSS are likely to develop seizures.