Improvement effect and mechanism of calycosin on acute inflammatory injury secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effect and mechanism of calycosin （CA） on acute inflammatory injury secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were injected with type Ⅶ collagenase into the basal ganglia to establish an intracerebral hemorrhage model， which were divided into sham-operation group（phosphate buffered saline instead of collagenase）， model group， and different CA dose groups（15，30，60，120 mg/kg）. Based on the modified neurological severity score （mNSS） to screen the intervention doses， the volume of intracerebral hemorrhage， brain water content， the expressions of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 （Iba1） in brain tissue， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） and its downstream inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， inducible nitric-oxide synthase （iNOS）， interleukin-1β （IL- 1β）] in brain tissue， and the apoptosis of cells in brain tissue were detected. Primary microglia were cultured in vitro， and the expressions of TLR4 and its downstream inflammatory factors were detected. Primary neurons and primary microglia were co- cultured in vitro， and the apoptosis of neurons was detected. RESULTS The doses of 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg were selected as intervention doses of CA for subsequent experiments. Compared with the sham-operation group， the mice in the model group had cerebral hemorrhage， the volume of cerebral hemorrhage and brain water content were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the positive expression rate of Iba1 protein in brain tissue was significantly increased， and the relative expression levels of TLR4， TNF-α， IL-1β and iNOS protein in brain tissue were up-regulated significantly. The apoptosis rate also increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， the above indexes of the mice in the 30 and 60 mg/kg CA groups were significantly improved （P＜0.05）. CA significantlyreduced the relative expression levels of TLR4 and its downstream inflammatory factors in microglia， and reduced the apoptosis of neurons in the co-culture system of primary neurons and primary microglia （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS CA can exert a protective effect on the brain， which may be related to relieving the secondary acute inflammatory injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammatory response.

Progress in the pathogenesis of α-synuclein / 中华神经科杂志

Deposition of intracellular misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system leads to Parkinson′s disease, dementia with Lewy body, multiple system atrophy and other synucleinopathies. But the pathological mechanism of the transmission is not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that intercellular transmission of neurotoxic oligomer α-syn is the main mode of disease transmission between brain regions. This article reviews the existing evidence for different modes of cell secretion and uptake of oligomer α-syn, including direct intercellular transmission, prion-like transmission, exosomes and endocytosis, tunneling nanotubes and microglia-mediated, to provide a more detailed understanding of the patterns of synucleinopathy throughout the brain and to provide new targets for the treatment of disease.

Relationships between puberty timing and problem behaviors among 6~11 year-old girls / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To explore the relationships between advanced puberty timing and frequencies of problem behaviors using two different indexes of pubertal development as cut-off standards. Methods A total of 3003 primary school girls aged 6~11 in Beijing were recruited in the study. Parent-assessed Tanner staging according to the menarche and pubic hair development level and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist were applied. Results When timing of menarche and pubic hair development stage were used as reference, the detection rate of girls with advanced puberty timing was 11.2% (337/3003) and 3.4% (101/3003), respectively. The scores of withdrawal problem (Z=-2.23, P=0.03) and physical problem (Z=-2.64, P=0.01) were higher in the advanced menarche group than in the moderate group. The scores of withdrawal behavior problem were higher in the advanced pubic hair development group than in the moderate group (X2=2.53, P=0.03). Scores of social problem (X2=2.71, P=0.02), aggression problem (X2=2.50, P=0.04), total score of problem behavior (X2=2.64, P=0.03) were also higher in the advanced pubic hair development group than in the delayed group. The correlation between the pubertal timing results based on the two different cut-off standards was not significant (r=0.04, P=0.06). Conclusion T he detection rate of girls with advanced puberty timing are different using the two different cut-off standards. The prominent problem behaviors in the advanced group are also different. Compared with girls with advanced menarche, girls with advanced pubic hair development may have more prominent problem behaviors than those with moderate development.

Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of endometrial receptivity in patients with intrauterine adhesions / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore the value of transvaginal three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of endometrial receptivity in patients with intrauterine adhesions.Methods Totally 43 patients with intrauterine adhesions confirmed by hysteroscopy were enrolled in this study.According to the hysteroscopy,the patients were divided into mild adhesion group (n=17),moderate adhesion group (n=18) and severe adhesion group (n=8).All the patients were examined with transvaginal three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography on the day of ovulation.Endometrial thickness (ED),endometrial volume (EV),endometrial vascular index (VI),endometrial flow index (FI) and endometrial vascular flow index (VFI) were compared among three groups.Results There was significant difference in EV among three groups (P＜0.001).ED,VI and VFI were significantly different between the mild and severe adhesion groups,as well as between moderate and severe adhesion groups (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Transvaginal three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound provides a safe and noninvasive approach to assess endometrial receptivity of patients with intrauterine adhesions.EV has good predictive value on endometrial receptivity.

Quantitative study of patency of fallopian tube in hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of quantitative evaluation of fallopian tubes patency by the rising slope of pressure curve produced by bolus injection using a liquid diagnostic apparatus in the four-dimen-sional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography. Methods A total of 205 patients with infertility were collected for four-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography. In the examination,the contrast medium concentration,the liquid volume of the liquid diagnostic apparatus and the speed of the liquid were stationary calculated. The rising slope of the curve was calculated according to the real-time pressure curve produced by the contrast agent injection process. According to the hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography examination's results ,patients were divided into one side patency group,one side partial obstruction group and one side obstruction group. The correlation between the slope and the patency of the fallopian tube was analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results Binary logistic regression showed that the slope and fallopian tube patency had good correlation(all P < 0.05)between one side patency group and one side obstruction group,and also between one side partial obstruction group and one side obstruction group;but had no correlation between one side patency group and one side partial obstruction group(regression coefficient P>0.05,regression constant P=0.000). Conclusion The slope of pressure curve produced by four-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography can be used to assess the patency of fallopian tubes quantitatively. It is a new auxiliary index for evaluating the patency of fallopian tubes.

The molecularly etiological study on the GII.17 norovirus causing an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in Shenyang / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To define the etiology and genetics of the pathogen causing an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a college of Shenyang.@*Methods@#A total of 15 anal swab samples were collected from students or kitchen staffs of the college where outbroke the epidemic of acute gastroenteritis in December 2015 in Shenyang, Liaoning province. Real-time PCR was performed to identify the infection of Norovirus(NoV). The NoV genes were amplified and sequenced for those positive samples, followed to perform phylogenetic analysis.@*Results@#Of the 15 specimens, 12 were NoV positive by Real-time PCR, phylogenetic analysis showed that the infected virus of the outbreak was belonged to NoV genotype GII.17. The homology between the present virus and new mutated GII.17 strain of KR020503 identified in 2014—2015 epidemic outbreak in China was over 99%.@*Conclusions@#The new mutated NoV GII.17 caused the acute gastroenteritis outbreak in a college of Shenyang in 2015, NoV GII.17 was detected firstly in Northeast China.

Adverse Reactions and Management of Real-time Three-dimensional Hysterosalpingo-contrast Sonography / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the adverse reactions and management in the process of transvaginal real-time three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (3D-HyCoSy).Materials and Methods A total of 976 patients with infertility accepting 3D-HyCoSy in Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,from December 2014 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The pain degree was evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS).Adverse reactions,including contrast countercurrent,vomiting,syncope and allergies,were recorded.The relationship between adverse reactions and ultrasound imaging signs was explored.Results There were 66 cases (6.76％) of VAS grade 0,346 cases of mild pain (35.45％),374 cases of moderate pain (38.32％) and 190 cases (19.47％) of severe pain.With the increase in the degree of tubal obstruction,the degree of pain gradually increased.Pain was the most common adverse reaction among patients,followed by vomiting (15 cases,1.54％),syncope (1 case,0.10％),and allergies (1 case,0.10％).The incidence of contrast countercurrent was 12.30％ (120 cases).The adverse reaction incidence of patients with abnormal ultrasound imaging signs was significantly higher than that of patients with normal signs (x2=29.02,P＜0.01).Conclusion With the extensive use of 3D-HyCoSy examination,its clinical application value has attracted a lot of attention,meanwhile,the understanding of its safety and related adverse reactions should also be improved.The state of patients should be closely observed before,during and after 3D-HyCoSy.Medical personnel should watch out for syncope and allergic reactions,and prepare for emergency management.

Bacillus anthracis isolates analysis by multiple-locus variable-numbers of tandem repeats analysis,Liaoning,China / 中国人兽共患病学报

The epidemic characteristics and genotype of Bacillus anthracis strains in Liaoning Province ,China was analyze in this study .Six Bacillus anthracis strains from 2001 to 2011 were studied with multiple‐locus variable‐number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) .BioNumerics4 .0 software was used to analyze the DNA fingerprint of statistics ,and cluster analysis results were obtained .Clustering analysis found that the 6 strains could be divided into two genotypes .For anthrax outbreaks ,the ge‐netic markers of multiple‐locus variable‐number tandem repeat were highly similar .It's suggested that MLVA is quite useful for investigation of strain relatedness in regions of outbreaks .

Anesthesia in the Signal Processing Methods / 中国医疗器械杂志

Anesthesia plays an essential role in clinical operations. Guiding anesthesia by EEG signals is one of the most promising methods at present and it has obtained good results. The analysis and process of the EEG signals in anesthesia can provide clean signal for further research. This paper used variance threshold method to remove the mutation fast and large interfering signals; and used notch filter to remove frequency interference, smoothing filter to remove baseline drift and Butterworth low-pass filter to remove high frequency noise at the same time. In addition to this, the translation invariant wavelet method to remove interference noise on the signals which was after the classical filter and retained non-stationary characteristics was used to evaluate parameter calculation. By comparing the calculated parameters from treated signal using this paper's methods and untreated signal and standard signal, the standard deviation and correlation has been improved, particularly the major parameters BetaR, which provides better signal for integration of multi-parameter to evaluate depth of anesthesia index for the latter.

Effects of atorvastatin on the gene expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and membrane-associated prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques of rabbits / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To explore effects of atorvastatin on the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and membrane-associated prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in the carotid atherosclerotic plaques of rabbits.Methods Totally 33 male New Zealand white rabbits(≥ 36months of age ) were assigned into normal control group (n=8) and animal model group with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis (n =25).The rabbit models were randomly divided into non-intervention group,celecoxib treatment group (15 mg · kg-1 · d-1,twice daily) and atorvastatin treatment group (5 mg · kg-1 · d-1,once daily) (n=8 each).Four weeks after treatment,the mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 and mPGES-1 in carotid plaques were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results The mRNA expressions of COX-2 (0.97±0.09,0.44±0.05,0.60±0.04vs.0.23±0.04,F=66.77,P＜0.01) and mPGES-1 (0.92±0.07,0.41±0.04,0.61±0.03 vs.0.17±0.03,F=54.87,P＜0.01)in carotid atherosclerotic plaques were significantly higher in non intervention group,celecoxib treatment group and atorvastatin treatment group than in normal control group.The mRNA expressions of COX-2 and mPGES-1 were decreased in celecoxib treatment group and atorvastatin treatment group as compared with non-intervention group ( both P ＜ 0.01 ).The protein expressions of COX-2 (0.89±0.06,0.42±0.07,0.62±0.04 vs.0.18±0.05,F=61.75,P ＜0.01) and mPGES-1(0.91±0.05,0.44±0.05,0.63±0.05 vs.0.21±0.04,F=86.44,P＜0.01)in carotid atherosclerotic plaques in non-intervention group,celecoxib treatment group and atorvastatin treatment group were increased as compared with those in normal control group.The mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 and mPGES-1 were decreased in celecoxib treatment group and atorvastatin treatment group as compared with non-intervention group(all P＜0.01 ).The expressions of COX-2 and mPGES-1 in carotid atherosclerotic plaques were reduced in celecoxib treatment group as compared with atorvastatin treatment group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions As COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib,atorvastatin may inhibit the expressions of COX-2 and mPGES-1,and interfere with the inflammatory response which plays key role in the pathological progress of carotid atherosclerotic plaques,and thus slow the progress of carotid atherosclerosis.

The effects of magnesium valproate on expression of the kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the hippocampus of the juvenile rats submitted to pilocarpine model of epilepsy / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms and the effects of magnesium Valproate on the expressions of the kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the hippocampus of the juvenile rats submitted to pilocarpine model of epilepsy.Methods 35 healthy Wistar juvenile rats were randomly divided into six groups,that is the model groups:Ⅰ group,Ⅱ group,Ⅲ group,and intraperitoneal injection of saline water control groups:Ⅰ a group,Ⅱ a group,Ⅲ a group,after succession of 15 rats to kindle to establish the model of epilepsy by pilocarpine.To collect hippocampus tissue after the rats were to put to death,and to compared the expression levels of kinin B1 and B2 receptor mRNA by RT-PCR and western blot in the hippocampus of rats.ResultsBy treated with magnesium valproate,kinin B1 receptor mRNA (0.38 ± 0.051 ) and protein expressions(0.58 ± 0.057 ) decreased and kinin B2 receptor mRNA (0.48 ±0.056 ) and protein expressions(0.48 ± 0.044 ) increased in Ⅰ group,compared with that (0.76 ±0.068,0.89 ± 0.034;0.28 ± 0.034,0.32 ± 0.039 ) of Ⅰ a group(P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with control group,there were more significant upregulation of kinin B1 receptor mRNA and protein expressions (P＜0.05) in the Ⅰ and the Ⅱ groups and there were no alteration in Ⅲ group.The expressional levels of B2 receptor mRNA and protein were upregulated in the Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups.ConclusionThe kinin B1 and B2 receptor may play a role in the onset and maintenance of epilepsy.The magnesium valproate increased the expressional levels of kinin B2 receptor,and decreased the expressional levels of kinin B1 receptor.

Urgent need for contraceptive education and services in Chinese unmarried undergraduates: A multi-campus survey / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to ascertain prevalence rate of premarital sexual intercourse, unintended pregnancy and abortion, and evaluate associated factors of unintended pregnancy among undergraduates from all over China, the representative sample of unmarried undergraduates was obtained by using a multi-stage, stratified, probability cluster design, and data were collected by using a survey questionnaire. 62 326 available responders were gained. 11.6% of them acknowledged having experiences of premarital sexual intercourse (standardized prevalence rate of sexual intercourse was 13.8%). 31.5% of students active in premarital sex acknowledged undergoing unintended pregnancy. 76.2% of pregnant students selected abortion to end it. Of students active in premarital sex, 46.2% used contraception at the first sexual intercourse, 28.2% replied "always" using contraception in sexual intercourse. The rate of using condoms, oral contraceptives (OCs), and withdrawal among students who had used contraception was 52.0%, 31.0%, and 27.2% respectively. "No preparation for sex" (40.3%), "pleasure decrement" (32.1%), "won't-be-pregnancy in occasional sexual intercourse" (30.2%) were their common excuses for using no contraception. The identified risk factors for unintended pregnancy among students active in premarital sex by multivariate analysis were as follows: having no steady lover [having no steady lover vs having a steady lover: odds ratio (OR), 1.875; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.629-2.158], unaware of the course of conception (unaware vs aware: OR, 2.023; 95% CI, 1.811-2.260), considering abortion not endanger women's physical and mental health (no endangerment vs endangerment: OR, 2.659; 95% CI, 2.265-3.121), nonuse of contraception (never use vs always use: OR, 1.682; 95% CI, 1.295-2.185). Medical students were not less likely to experience an unintended pregnancy than nonmedical students (OR, 1.111; 95% CI, 0.906-1.287). The substantial proportion of unintended pregnancy among undergraduates indicates a need for convenient and targeted contraceptive education and services.