Performance of Nellore calves in tropical pasture consuming different types of concentrated supplements / Desempenho de bezerros Nelore em pastagem tropical consumindo diferentes tipos de suplementos concentrados

The use of different types of concentrated supplements on the performance of Nellore calves grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in the dry season was evaluated. The experiment was conducted on 24 ha divided into 12 paddocks. Seventy-two calves with initial body weight (BW) 176±14kg for 140 days of experiment were used. Evaluated treatments included: Mineral, Salt+urea (mineral with 30% urea), Protein (supplementation with 45% crude protein (CP) and 46% total digestible nutrients (TDN)); and Protein+energy (with 28% CP and 73% TDN). The Mineral, Salt+urea, and Protein were offered ad libitum, and the Protein+energy 5g/kg BW. Protein+energy showed the highest (P< 0.05) intake (3.66g/kg BW) followed by the Protein (1.61), Salt+urea (0.36), and Mineral (0.32). The two latter supplements were not significantly different (P> 0.05). The highest (P< 0.05) average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) was observed in the Protein+energy (0.074). Average daily gains for the Protein and Salt+urea (0.014 and -0.024, respectively) were not significantly different (P> 0.05), but were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the Mineral (-0.085). Therefore, during the dry season, to prevent the loss of bovine weight the supplements must supply in addition to minerals, also energy, non-protein nitrogen (NNP), and true protein.(AU)

Foi avaliada a utilização de tipos de suplementos concentrados sobre o desempenho de bezerros Nelore em pasto de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu na época seca. O experimento foi conduzido em 24ha divididos em 12 piquetes. Foram utilizados 72 bezerros com peso corporal (PC) inicial de 176±14kg por 140 dias de experimento. Os tratamentos foram: mineral, mineral+ureia (mineral com 30% de ureia); proteinado (suplemento com 45% de PB e 46% de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT)); suplemento energético (suplemento com 28% de PB e 73% de NDT). Mineral, mineral+ureia e proteinado foram fornecidos ad libitum, e o suplemento proteico-energético 5g/kg de PC. O consumo do suplemento (g/kg de PC) foi maior (P<0,05) para o suplemento proteico-energético (3,66), seguido por proteinado (1,61), mineral+ureia (0,36) e mineral (0,32). Esses dois últimos não diferiram entre si (P>0,05). O maior (P<0,05) GMD (kg/dia) foi para o suplemento proteico-energético (0,074), seguido por proteinado e mineral+ureia (0,014 e -0,024, respectivamente), que não diferiram entre si (P>0,05). Todos estes foram superiores (P<0,05) ao mineral (-0,085). Assim, durante a época seca, para prevenir a perda de peso de bovinos, os suplementos devem fornecer, além de minerais, energia, nitrogênio não proteico (NNP) e proteína verdadeira.(AU)

For an ecology of scientific work: science, politics and the case of streams Pampa and Luiz Rau in Novo Hamburgo, Brazil / Por uma ecologia do trabalho científico: a ciência e a política e caso dos arroios Pampa e Luiz Rau em Novo Hamburgo, Brasil

If, like Weber writes, every knowledge is objective in terms of evolving the interests of researchers and the agencies, in this article, we investigate that, which has been researched about two streams: Pampa and Luiz Rau. In doing so, in addition to highlighting what has caught the researchers' attention, this paper manages to point out a few gaps and fruitful fields of study which extend beyond the hard sciences. This study is, therefore, characterized as an essay review paper that sets out to use anthropology of science to think about the limitations and advances the studies about the two streams have achieved, as well as their social impact.

Resumo Se como escreve Weber, todo o conhecimento é objetivo na medida em que envolve interesses de pesquisadores e agências nos questionamos nesse texto sobre, quando falamos nos arroios Pampa e Luiz Rau, aquilo que têm sido pesquisado sobre esses dois arroios. Desta feita, além de colocar em evidência o que têm despertado o interesse, seu mérito reside em apontar algumas lacunas e campos profícuos de estudo que vão para além das ciências duras. Esse estudo se caracteriza, portanto, por um estudo bibliográfico e ensaístico que busca através da antropologia ciência pensar os limites e avanços que se obteve nos últimos anos nesse estudos e seu impacto social.

For an ecology of scientific work: science, politics and the case of streams Pampa and Luiz Rau in Novo Hamburgo, Brazil

If, like Weber writes, every knowledge is objective in terms of evolving the interests of researchers and the agencies, in this article, we investigate that, which has been researched about two streams: Pampa and Luiz Rau. In doing so, in addition to highlighting what has caught the researchers' attention, this paper manages to point out a few gaps and fruitful fields of study which extend beyond the hard sciences. This study is, therefore, characterized as an essay review paper that sets out to use anthropology of science to think about the limitations and advances the studies about the two streams have achieved, as well as their social impact.

Resumo Se como escreve Weber, todo o conhecimento é objetivo na medida em que envolve interesses de pesquisadores e agências nos questionamos nesse texto sobre, quando falamos nos arroios Pampa e Luiz Rau, aquilo que têm sido pesquisado sobre esses dois arroios. Desta feita, além de colocar em evidência o que têm despertado o interesse, seu mérito reside em apontar algumas lacunas e campos profícuos de estudo que vão para além das ciências duras. Esse estudo se caracteriza, portanto, por um estudo bibliográfico e ensaístico que busca através da antropologia ciência pensar os limites e avanços que se obteve nos últimos anos nesse estudos e seu impacto social.

Fungi in the respiratory tract of horses with recurrent airway obstruction / Presença de fungos no trato respiratório de equinos e sua associação com obstrução recorrente das vias aéreas

This study aims to compare the concentration of viable fungi, especially those of the genus Aspergillus in the respiratory tract of stabled horses with and without Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO). Thirty two housed horses from four equestrian centers in Brazil were included in the study. These animals were submitted to clinical examination and to a respiratory sample collection. They were categorized into two groups: healthy and RAO-affected horses. Samples obtained by tracheobronchial washes were evaluated for fungal microscopy, quantitative culture and Aspergillus spp. quantification. Eighteen healthy and 14 RAO-affected horses were studied. Fungi were more frequently recovered in the RAO group, in comparison to controls, for both fungal microscopy (P<0.0001), fungal culture (P<0.0001) and Aspergillus spp. quantitative culture (p=0.001). In conclusion, horses with RAO have significantly higher fungal load in the respiratory tract in comparison to healthy horses. The implications of these findings in terms of the pathogenesis of RAO deserve additional investigation...

Este estudo objetivou comparar a concentração de fungos viáveis, especialmente do gênero Aspergillus, no trato respiratório de equinos estabulados com e sem obstrução recorrente das vias aéreas (ORVA). Trinta e dois equinos provenientes de quatro centros de treinamento equestre do Brasil foram incluídos no estudo. Os animais foram submetidos a exame clínico e coleta de amostra respiratória, sendo categorizados em dois grupos: sadios e ORVA. Os lavados traqueobrônquicos obtidos foram avaliados por exame micológico direto e cultivo quantitativo. Ao todo, 18 equinos saudáveis e 14 com ORVA foram estudados. Fungos foram mais frequentemente detectados em amostras do grupo ORVA em comparação com o grupo controle, tanto no exame micológico direto (P<0,0001) e cultivo quantitativo (P<0,0001) quanto na concentração de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de Aspergillus spp. isolada em cultivo (p=0,001). Equinos com ORVA têm maior concentração de propágulos fúngicos no trato respiratório em comparação com animais sadios. As implicações desses achados na patogenia da ORVA merecem maior atenção e investigação...

Expanded criteria for Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL) in penile cancer: palpable lymph nodes

Introduction Open inguinal lymphadenectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of inguinal metastasis in patients with penile cancer (PC). Recently the Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL) was proposed as an option to reduce the morbidity of the procedure in patients without palpable inguinal lymph nodes (PILN), however the oncological equivalency in patients with PILN remains poorly studied. The aims of this video are the demonstration of VEIL in patients with PILN and present the preliminary experience comparing patients with and without PILN. Materials and Methods The video illustrates the procedure performed in two cases that were previously underwent partial penectomy for PC with PILN. Data from the series of 15 patients (22 limbs operated) with PILN underwent VEIL were compared with our series of VEIL in 25 clinically N0 patients (35 limbs operated). Results The comparison between the groups with and without PILN found, respectively, these outcomes: age 52,45 × 53,2 years, operative time 126,8 × 95,5 minutes, hospital stay 5. × 3.1 days, drainage time 6.7 × 5.7 days, 9 resected lymph nodes on average in both groups, global complications 32% × 26%, cellulitis 4.5% × 0%, lymphocele 23% in both groups, skin necrosis 0% × 3%, myocutaneous necrosis 4.5% × 0%, pN+ 33% × 32%, cancer specific mortality 7% × 5% and mean follow-up 17.3 × 35.3 months. None of the variables presented p < 0.05. Conclusions VEIL is a safe complementary procedure for treatment of PC, even in patients with PILN. Oncological results in patients with PILN seem to be appropriate but are still very premature. Prospective multicenter studies with larger samples and long-term follow-up should be conducted to determine the oncological equivalence of VEIL compared with open surgery in patients with PILN. .

Avaliação de técnicas fisioterapêuticas no tratamento do linfedema pós-cirurgia de mama em mulheres / Evaluation of physiotherapeutic techniques for treating lymphedema following breast cancer surgery in women

OBJETIVO GERAL: Verificar, em um grupo de mulheres submetidas à cirurgia por câncer de mama, a efetividade do tratamento do linfedema, por um período de até dois anos. OBJETIVO ESPECíFICO: Avaliar o volume do braço tratado aos 6, 12, 18 e 24 meses após o tratamento do linfedema. MÉTODO: As participantes foram atendidas em um serviço de reabilitação especializado e submetidas ao tratamento do linfedema, com drenagem linfática manual, enfaixamento compressivo funcional, orientações de autocuidado, automassagem, uso da braçadeira elástica e exercício. Pelas medidas do volume dos membros, nos períodos determinados, 36 mulheres foram avaliadas após a fase intensiva, 22 após 6 meses, 15 após 12 meses, 6 após 18 meses e 11 aos 24 meses. A adesão às estratégias de autocuidado e exercícios foi avaliada através de um questionário. Testes estatísticos foram usados para buscar correlação entre redução do linfedema e alguns fatores como idade, escolaridade, grau do linfedema, tipo de cirurgia, entre outros. RESULTADOS: Houve redução do linfedema e essa se manteve ao longo dos períodos estudados. Não houve correlação entre redução do linfedema e fatores como idade, estado civil, escolaridade, tipo de cirurgia, índice de massa corporal, grau do linfedema, radioterapia, circunferência, hipertensão arterial ou limitação articular e não houve adesão às estratégias de autocuidado com o braço, realização de exercícios, automassagem e uso de braçadeira elástica pela maioria das mulheres. CONCLUSÕES: É importante realizar novas pesquisas que analisem o papel de cada uma dessas orientações na evolução do linfedema após a fase intensiva do tratamento, de forma sistemática e controlada.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To verify the effectiveness of lymphedema treatment over a two-year period, in a group of women who underwent breast cancer surgery. Specific objective: To evaluate the volume of the treated arm at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the lymphedema treatment. METHOD: The participants were attended at a specialized rehabilitation service. They underwent lymphedema treatment consisting of manual lymphatic drainage and functional compressive bandaging and received guidance regarding self-care, self-massage, elastic sleeve use and exercise. They were evaluated by means of limb volume measurement at the following times: thirty-six women after the intensive phase, twenty-two after six months, fifteen after twelve months, six after eighteen months and eleven after twenty-four months. Adherence to the self-care strategies and exercises was evaluated by means of a questionnaire. Statistical tests were used to seek correlations between lymphedema reduction and some factors such as age, schooling, lymphedema grade, type of surgery, etc. RESULTS: There was a reduction in lymphedema and this was maintained throughout the period analyzed. There was no correlation between lymphedema reduction and factors such as age, marital status, schooling, type of surgery, body mass index, lymphedema grade, radiotherapy, circumference, arterial hypertension or joint limitation. Moreover, most of the women did not adhere to the self-care strategies, arm exercises, self-massage and elastic sleeve use. CONCLUSION: It is important to conduct new studies, for systematic and controlled analysis of the role of this guidance in relation to lymphedema evolution following the intensive phase of treatment.

Cross-immunoreactivity between anti-potato apyrase antibodies and mammalian ATP diphosphohydrolases: potential use of the vegetal protein in experimental schistosomiasis

We have previously showed that Schistosoma mansoni ATP-diphosphohydrolase and Solanum tuberosum potato apyrase share epitopes and the vegetable protein has immunostimulatory properties. Here, it was verified the in situ cross-immunoreactivity between mice NTPDases and anti-potato apyrase antibodies produced in rabbits, using confocal microscopy. Liver samples were taken from Swiss Webster mouse 8 weeks after infection with S. mansoni cercariae, and anti-potato apyrase and TRITC-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody were tested on cryostat sections. The results showed that S. mansoni egg ATP diphosphohydrolase isoforms, developed by anti-potato apyrase, are expressed in miracidial and egg structures, and not in granulomatous cells and hepatic structures (hepatocytes, bile ducts, and blood vessels). Therefore, purified potato apyrase when inoculated in rabbit generates polyclonal sera containing anti-apyrase antibodies that are capable of recognizing specifically S. mansoni ATP diphosphohydrolase epitopes, but not proteins from mammalian tissues, suggesting that autoantibodies are not induced during potato apyrase immunization. A phylogenetic tree obtained for the NTPDase family showed that potato apyrase had lower homology with mammalian NTPDases 1-4, 7, and 8. Further analysis of potato apyrase epitopes could implement their potential use in schistosomiasis experimental models.

Multicellular spheroids of bone marrow stromal cells: a three-dimensional in vitro culture system for the study of hematopoietic cell migration

Cell fate decisions are governed by a complex interplay between cell-autonomous signals and stimuli from the surrounding tissue. In vivo cells are connected to their neighbors and to the extracellular matrix forming a complex three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironment that is not reproduced in conventional in vitro systems. A large body of evidence indicates that mechanical tension applied to the cytoskeleton controls cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, suggesting that 3-D in vitro culture systems that mimic the in vivo situation would reveal biological subtleties. In hematopoietic tissues, the microenvironment plays a crucial role in stem and progenitor cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. In adults, hematopoiesis takes place inside the bone marrow cavity where hematopoietic cells are intimately associated with a specialized three 3-D scaffold of stromal cell surfaces and extracellular matrix that comprise specific niches. The relationship between hematopoietic cells and their niches is highly dynamic. Under steady-state conditions, hematopoietic cells migrate within the marrow cavity and circulate in the bloodstream. The mechanisms underlying hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell homing and mobilization have been studied in animal models, since conventional two-dimensional (2-D) bone marrow cell cultures do not reproduce the complex 3-D environment. In this review, we will highlight some of the mechanisms controlling hematopoietic cell migration and 3-D culture systems.

Miopatia mitocondrial - efeito do treinamento aerobico e de equilibrio: estudo de caso / Mitochondrial myopathy - effects of aerobic and balance training: reported case

Individuos com miopatia mitocondrial apresentam quadro caracteristico de intolerancia ao exercicio, fadiga e acidose latica. Foram avaliados as adaptacoes fisiologicas, a capacidade aerobica e a performance muscular de um paciente portador dessa doenca, submetido a treinamento aerobico realiazdo em cicloergometro e exercicios em solo. O treinamento aerobico foi realizado totalizando 20 minutos de exercicio dentro da zona de frequencia cardiaca (FC) submaxima durante 8 semanas, exercicios de solo estimularam coordenacao e equilibrio da paciente durante 18 semanas. A capacidade aerobica foi estimada antes e apos o treinamento aerobico por meio do teste de esforco submaximo, realizado em esteira com implemento de carga, dada a partir de 0,5 Km/h a cada intervalo de 2 min. A interrupcao do teste baseou-se no alcance da FC submaxima e na percepcao subjetiva de esforco, segundo a escala de Borg. O consumo de oxigenio foi determinado a partir da analise direta dos gases. A performance muscular foi avaliada antes e depois dos exercicios em solo e o programa de treinamento aerobio, pela analise das variaveis pico de torque e trabalho total, nas velocidades de 60/seg e 120/seg. os resultados observados para a capacidade aerobica demonstraram um acrescimo de 33,9 (por cento) nos indices aerobicos e de 33,8 (por cento) para requivalentes metabolicos. O joelho direito do paciente apresentou melhora na forca de flexao e extensao concentricas (60 e 120/seg), e o esquerdo apresentou melhora na forca de extensao concentrica (60 e 120/seg). Esse estudo suger que o treinamento aerobico associado a exercicios em solo pode beneficiar individuos com miopia mitocondrial, auxiliando-os no desempenho das atividades de vida diaria por reduzir a fraqueza e a intolerancia aos exercicios

Purification and partial characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi triosephosphate isomerase

The enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TPI, EC 5.3.1.1) was purified from extracts of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. The purification steps included: hydrophobic interaction chromatography on plenyl-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, and high performance liquid gel filtration chromatography. The CM-Sepharose material contained two bands (27 and 25 kDa) with similar isolectric points (pI 9.3-9.5) which could be separated by gel filtration in high performance liquid chromatography. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the porcine TPI detected one single polypeptide on western blot with a molecular weight (27 kDa) identical to that purified from T. cruzi. These antibodies also recognized only one band of identical molecular weight in western blots of several other trypanosomatids (Blastocrithidia culicis, Crithidia desouzai, Phytomonas serpens, Herpertomonas samuelpessoai). The presence of only one enzymatic form of TPI in T. cruzi epimastigotes was confirmed by agarose gel activity assay and its localization was established by immunocytichemical analysis. The T. cruzi purified TPI (as well as other trypanosomatid' TPIs) is a dimeric protein, composed of two identical subunits with an approximate mw of 27,000 and it is resolved on two dimensional gel electrophoresis with a pI of 9.3. Sequence analysis of the N-terminal portion of the 27 kDa protein revealed a high homology to Leishmania mexicana and T. brucei proteins.

A videolaparoscopia na apendicite aguda na mulher em idade fértil / The videolaparoscopy in acute appendicitis in woman of childbearing age

O diagnóstico de apendicite aguda na mulher em idade fértil é um desafio para o cirurgião devido ao alto índice de explorações cirúrgicas negativas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um índice de probabilidade diagnóstica e o valor da videolaparoscopia nestes casos. Foram analisadas, prospectivamente, 34 mulheres em idade fértil referendadas para o serviço com diagnóstico de apendicite aguda. As pacientes foram submetidas à videolaparoscopia de urgência, e o tratamento cirúrgico, quando indicado, foi realizado por videolaparoscopia sempre que possível. Entre as 34 pacientes, 17 apresentaram apendicite aguda à videolaparoscopia, sendo que 15 delas foram operadas por esta via...

Differential effect of amphotericin B on the three evolutive stages of Trypanosoma cruzi and on the host cell-parasite interaction

1. Amphotericin B (Am.B) was shown to have a direct effect on T. cruzi, with the three forms of the parasite presenting different susceptibilities to the drug in the following order: amastigotes > trypomastigotes > epimastigotes. These differences highlight the importance of using the vertebrate forms of the parasite in tests of new drugs. 2. The treated parasites showed alterations of the plasma membrane, suggesting that, as in fungi, the primary effect of Am.B was probably via formation of complexes with membrane components. 3. When exposed to filipin, another polyene antibiotic, the three parasite forms were observed to present a similar order of susceptibility, with comparable ultrastructural modifications. 4. Higher concentrations of Am.B were required to damage the intracellular parasites in vitro, 2.3 micrograms/ml for parasites inside peritoneal macrophages and 7 micrograms/ml for parasites inside heart muscle cells. 5. Am.B is effective against the parasite, but is also toxic to mammalian cells. Testing of Am.B for the control of Chagas' disease by blood transfusion may be useful, since bloodstream forms are lysed by lower concentrations of the drug than those required to affect intracellular parasites