Biological applications of honeys produced by Apis mellifera

Honey is a natural product with many attributes that are useful for humans. The consumption of honey is increasing because of its beneficial biological properties, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Even though honey is produced worldwide, many variants of this product have not been studied and their biological potential for alternative uses has not been evaluated. Because of its varied endemic native flora, Chile produces several types of honey. It is likely that these apian products have important biological properties inherited from specific floral sources, but it is absolutely necessary to conduct further chemical analyses to identify and characterize these biological attributes. Sadly, the potential antimicrobial and antitumor activities of Chilean honeys remain unproven at the present time. Further studies are needed to identify these attributes. In addition, the impact of human activities on the natural production of honey by bees should be considered. The use of honey as an environmental marker of pollution should also be considered, and care must be taken to diminish the effect of industry and human procedures on natural environments.

Honey is a natural product with many attributes useful for human beings. Nowadays, the consumption of honey is increasing due to its described biological properties such as antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, honey is produced around the world and there still are many samples of this product that have not been studied or characterized in terms of their biological potential or alternative uses. Chile produces several kinds of honey, owing to the presence of a diverse endemic native flora. These bee products appear to have important biological properties inherited from specific floral sources, but further chemical analyses directed to determine the presence of biological attributes are absolutely necessary. Sadly, many potential effects against bacteria, fungi or antitumor or antiviral activities remain unknown at the present time. Further studies may reveal those attributes in the future. Another fact to be considered is the human activities that may affect the natural production of honey by bees. Despite the limited usefulness of honeys as environmental markers of pollution, they warn that industrial and human procedures should aim to decrease their impact on natural environments.

Sífilis congénita: una realidad latente / Congenital syphylis: a latent reality

Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de los hallazgos clínicos, antecedentes prenatales, pruebas serológicas y tratamiento de seis recién nacidos y seis lactantes con sífilis congénita que fueron hospitalizados en el Hospital de Niños "J.M. de Los Ríos"

Sífilis congénita: artículo de revisión / Congenital syphilis: article of review

El resurgimiento de la sífilis en la población de edad fértil ha despertado nuevo interés por la sífilis congénita. La infección se adquiere en las últimas semanas del embarazo pero si la espiroquetemia no es tan intensa, pueden no identificarse en el nacimiento signos de enfermedad congénita, los cuales se manifestarán varias semanas más tarde. Por lo tanto la infección persistente puede ser sintomática o asintomática