Eficacia del tratamiento con amoxicilina en la prevención de complicaciones postoperatorias en pacientes sometidos a cirugía del tercer molar: un estudio doble ciego / Efficacy of Amoxicillin Treatment in Preventing Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Third Molar Surgery: a Double Blind Study

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar clínicamente la eficacia de la terapia con amoxicilina en terceros molares retenidos sobre las condiciones postoperatorias de edema, dolor, trismus e infección. Fueron seleccionados 14 pacientes de entre 15 y 30 años con la retención de los dientes 3.8 y 4.8 en la misma posición según las clasificaciones utilizadas actualmente. Se realizó inicialmente una cirugía y posteriormente la segunda; se estableció un grupo test con terapia antibiótica (amoxicilina 500mg c/8h por 7 días) y un grupo control que no utilizo antibióticos. El edema fue estudiado a través de la distancia de puntos faciales de referencia y la evaluación del trimus fue obtenida por medio de la distancia interincisal superior e inferior. El dolor fue estudiado mediante escala visual análoga. No existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa en relación al edema y al trismus en los periodos estudiados; existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa respecto al dolor durante los primeros dos días, siendo el grupo test que presentaba más dolor. A los 7 días ya no se apreció diferencias. Finalmente, la amoxicilina como terapia posterior a la exodoncia de terceros molares no se relaciona con las condiciones postoperatorias del paciente.

The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics in retained third molar extractions, determining the need of antibiotics prophylaxis use in these procedures. Fourteen (14) patients, aged between 15 and 30 years, irrespective of sex, color or race were selected, for removal of retained third molars in symmetrical positions. The surgeries were divided into two groups: the control group in the first surgery and the second group undergoing prophylactic administration of 500 mg of amoxicillin 8 / 8 hours, for seven days after surgery. The evaluation of edema was established by the distance of reference points and assessment of facial trismus and was obtained by top and bottom interincisal distance. Measurements were performed before and after surgery, 24, 48 hours and for 7 days. Pain was evaluated subjectively by a visual analog scale. There was no statistically significant difference with respect to swelling and trismus after dental extractions with or without the use of antibiotics, and there was statistically significant difference in relation to pain in the postoperative periods of 24 and 48 hours, and increased pain reported by the test group. At day seven no differences were noted in perception of pain between the groups. Finally, the amoxicillin therapy subsequent to the third molar surgery is not related to the postoperatory conditions of the patient.

Eficácia da Antibioticoprofilaxia nas Cirurgias de Terceiros Molares: Avaliação Morfométrica / Efficacy of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in third molars surgery: A morphometric evaluation

Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar clinicamente a eficácia de antibiótico nas exodontias de terceiros molares retidos, determinando-se a necessidade do uso profilático de antibióticos nesses procedimentos cirúrgicos. Foram selecionados 14 pacientes, com idade entre 15 e 30 anos, sem distinção de gênero, cor ou raça, para remoção dos terceiros molares inferiores retidos em posições simétricas. As cirurgias foram divididas em dois grupos, sendo o grupo controle na primeira cirurgia, e o segundo grupo, submetido à administração profilática de 500mg de amoxicilina de 8/8 horas, por sete dias após a cirurgia. A avaliação do edema foi estabelecida por meio da distância de pontos de referência faciais, e a avaliação do trismo foi obtida por meio da distância interincisal superior e inferior. As medições foram realizadas no pré e no pós-operatório de 24, 48 horas e 7 dias. A dor foi avaliada subjetivamente, por meio de uma escala analógica visual. Concluiu-se que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante com relação a edema e trismo após as exodontias com ou sem o uso de antibiótico e que houve diferença estatisticamente significante com relação à dor nos períodos pós-operatórios de 24 e 48 horas, sendo maior a presença da dor quando não foi utilizado o antibiótico.

Objective: This study aimed to clinically evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics in retained third molar extractions, determining the need of antibiotics prophylaxis use of in these procedures. Methodology: 14 patients were selected, aged between 15 and 30 years, irrespective of gender, color or race, for removal of retained third molars in symmetrical positions. The surgeries were divided into two groups: the control group in the first surgery and the second group undergoing prophylactic administration of 500 mg of amoxicillin 8 / 8 hours, among seven days after surgery. The evaluation of edema was established by the distance of reference points and assessment of facial trismus was obtained by the distance interincisal top and bottom. Measurements were performed before and after surgery, 24, 48 hours and 7 days. Pain was evaluated subjectively by a visual analog scale. Conclusions: The research conclude that there was no statistically significant difference with respect to swelling and trismus after dental extractions with or without the use of antibiotics, and there was statistically significant difference in relation to pain in the postoperative periods of 24 and 48 hours, and higher presence of pain when it was used antibiotic.