RESUMO
@#Haemonchus contortus (Hc) is a hematophagous parasite affecting the health and productivity of flocks. The administration of chemical anthelmintic drugs (AH) is the common method of deworming; however, generates resistance in the parasites to AH and it is a public health risk due to drug residues in milk, meat and sub-products. Natural compounds from plants are explored to diminish this parasitosis, improving their health and productivity, without the negative effects of AH. Ipomoea genus is a group of climbing plants belonging to the Convulvulaceae family possessing perennial leaves and tuberous roots. Medicinal properties has been attributed to this plant including nutritional agents, emetics, diuretics, diaphoretics, purgatives and pesticides. The objective of this study was assessing the in vitro nematocidal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract (HA-E) obtained from Ipomoea pauciflora (Cazahuate) flowers against Hc infective larvae (L3) and to identify its phytochemical profile (PhC-P). The assay was carried out using microtiter plates (MTP). Four HA-E concentrations were assessed and Ivermectin and distilled water were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Approximately 100 Hc L3 were deposited in each well (n=12) and incubated at 25–35°C for 7 days. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and a General Linear Model (GLM) followed by Tukey test (P<0.05). The treatments showing a concentration-dependent effect (CDE) were analyzed to identify their 50% and 90% lethal concentrations (CL50, 90) via a Probit Analysis. The highest mortality was observed at 50 mg/mL (82.64 ± 0.71%) and the lowest at 6.25 mg/mL (56.46 ± 2.49%), showing a CDE with increasing mortality from 6.25 to 50 mg/mL. The PhC-P revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenes/ sterols. A HA-E from flowers of I. pauciflora will be considered to assess its potential use in the control of haemonchosis in small ruminants.
RESUMO
@#The main objective was to determine the immune response of Blackbelly lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, or both species. In the first stage, an experimental challenge was performed with 200 infective larvae (L3)/kg body weight (BW) of H. contortus (Hct, n = 8). Additionally, eight animals were infected with 500 L3/kg BW of T. colubriformis (Tcl), eight lambs with the mixed infection at the same dose (HctTcl), and lambs without infection were the control group. In the second infection, the same lambs were reinfected with high doses: 400 L3/kg BW of Hct and 900 L3/kg BW of Tcl. The third stage consisted of a natural reinfection in grazing. Faecal samples were taken to determine the faecal egg count (FEC) of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). IgA was determined in serum and saliva by an indirect Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The haematological parameters were recorded. With the first challenge, it was not possible to promote an immune response, whereas in the second infection, FEC were higher than 1000 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) in infected animals. During the third stage, FECs were higher in lambs infected with Tcl. Eosinophils (EOS) did not show differences in the first and second stages, but during grazing the infected lambs had higher counts than the control group (P < 0.05). IgA activity values showed the same trend, and lambs infected with HctTcl had a higher response (33% of the positive standard) than groups mono-infected (16.5% and 22.6%, respectively).