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AIM: To investigate the clinical features of dry eye in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with peripheral neuropathy.METHOD: Prospective cohort study. A total of 192 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2021 to March 2022. The right eyes of all patients were selected as the observation eye, among which 122 patients were diagnosed with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)and 70 patients were diagnosed with non-diabetic peripheral neuropathy(NDPN). The score of ocular surface disease index(OSDI), tear meniscus height, tear meniscus width, corneal epithelial thickness, corneal endothelial cell density, tear secretion test(Schirmer Ⅰ test, SⅠt), corneal sensitivity, meibomian gland function status score, tear film breakup time(BUT), corneal fluorescein sodium staining score and Toronto clinical scoring system(TCSS)score were compared between two groups. The correlation between OSDI score and TCSS score in type 2 diabetes patients was analyzed as well.RESULTS: The morbidity of dry eye in the DPN group(55 eyes, 45.1%)was significantly higher than that of NDPN group(20 eyes, 28.6%; χ2=5.094, P=0.024), BUT and corneal sensitivity score of DPN were lower than NDPN group(P<0.001), meanwhile, corneal staining score and meibomian gland function score were higher than NDPN group(P<0.001). OSDI scores of all subjects were negatively correlated with TCSS scores(rs=-0.233, P=0.002), and OSDI scores of DPN group were negatively correlated with TCSS scores(rs=-0.511, P<0.001), but there was no significant correlation between the two scores of NDPN patients(rs=0.007, P=0.957).CONCLUSIONS: DPN patients are more likely to develop dry eye than NDPN patients. OSDI score is not an accurate evaluation index for type 2 diabetes patients, especially for DPN patients.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of processing and compatibility of ginger for the treatment of cold asthma rats at the metabolomics level by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods: The rats of cold asthma were established by ovalbumin (OVA) + ice water bath. The rats divided randomly into the control group, model group, Linggan Wuwei (fresh/dry/stir- frying) Jiangxin Decoction group and the positive drug Guilong Kechuanning group. The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by HE staining; The inflammatory cell count in BALF and the content of IgE, IL-4 and IFN-γ in serum were determined. GC-MS was used to conduct the non-targeted metabolomics study to search the serum and urine related differential metabolites in rats with cold asthma, and MetaboAnalyst was used to construct related metabolic pathways. Results: The results showed that Linggan Wuwei (fresh/dry/stir-frying) Jiangxin Decoction improved the pathological changes of rat lung tissue, significantly reduced the BALF inflammatory cell count in BALF and IgE and IL-4 levels in serum, and increased IFN-γ levels. Compared with the control group, 37 differential metabolites (15 in serum and 22 in urine) were screened in cold asthma rats. And seven metabolic pathways involving energy metabolism, oxidative stress may be associated with cold asthma by Metaboanalysis pathway analysis. The overall metabolic profile of the cold asthma rats with the intervention of Linggan Wuwei (fresh/dry/stir-frying) Jiangxin Decoction tended to normal levels. The effect of Linggan Wuwei (dry) Jiangxin Decoction on cold asthma was better than Linggan Wuwei (fresh/stir-frying) Jiangxin Decoction. Conclusion: It is more reasonable to process ginger into dried ginger in Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction against cold asthma. Ginger processing-compatibility may play a therapeutic role in cold asthma rats by regulating energy metabolism and oxidative stress.
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To reveal the processing mechanism of Chrysanthemi Flos from the changes of chemical compositions after frying and its effect on the efficacy of liver protection. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) were used for the qualitative and quantitative researches of chemical compositions before and after Chrysanthemi Flos frying. Progenesis QI and SPSS software were used for principal component analysis(PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), variable importance projection(VIP) analysis and t-test to identify the compositions with significant changes. Pharmacodynamics experiment was used to investigate the protective effect of crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos on CCl_4-induced acute liver injury in mice. According to mass spectrometry data, there were 28 chemical compositions in crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos, mainly including flavonoids and organic acids. 13 compositions such as luteolin, apigenin and luteolin glycoside were increased significantly after frying, while 7 compositions such as chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucuronide and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide were decreased significantly after frying. Through principal component analysis, crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos products were divided into two categories, indicating that there were internal differences in quality. The results of liver injury protection experiment in mice showed that the AST, ALT and MDA contents were significantly decreased and SOD level was increased in mice with liver injury in both the high and medium dose groups. Histopathological examination showed that crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos can protect the liver by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, reducing steatosis, and repairing damaged liver cells. The results of this study showed that the chemical compositions had obvious changes after frying, and both crude and fried Chrysanthemis Flos had protective effects on CCl_4-induced acute liver injury in mice. In addition, in the range of high, medium and low doses, the liver protection effect of crude and fried Chrysanthemi Flos increased with the increase of dose. The experiment results provided reference for the mechanism of fried Chrysanthemi Flos and clinical selection of processed products.