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Objective To investigate whether the sodium arsenite inhibiting proliferation of hepatocellar carcinoma(HCC) cells and having a relation with the expression of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein .Methods The immunohistochemistry , Western blot analysis ,immunofluorescence assay and quantitative PCR were used to examine the PML gene and protein expression in HCC tissue and cells .Results The immunohis to chemical staining showed that the PML protein was expressed in nucleus of well‐differentiated ,moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated HCC tissues randomly selected from 15 cases of HCC under‐going hepatic resection .Western blot analysis showed that PML protein was expressed at varying levels in all 24 HCC tissue sam‐ples ,HuH7 ,HepG2 ,Hep3B ,SMMC‐7721 and L02 cells .The immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that PML protein grains were found in the nucleis of the HuH7 ,HepG2 ,Hep3B and SMCC‐7721 cells ,in which HuH7 and Hep3B expressed more PML proteins than HepG2 and SMMC‐7721 cells .24 HCC tissue samples ,Hep3B ,HepG2 ,SMCC‐7721 and HuH7 cells all expressed PML gene .Sodium arsenite not only down‐regulated the PML protein expressed in HuH7 and primary HCC cells ,but also inhibited the HCC cell growth of HepG2 ,Hep3B ,HuH7 and SMMC‐7721 ,with the exposure time extension ,the inhibiting effect of sodium arsenite on HCC cells was enhanced .Conclusion Both HCC cell lines and tissues generally express ther PML protein and gene , PML protein may serve as the molecular basis for the direct targeting effects of arsenical agents .
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Objective To explore the prognosis related genes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)and investigate the molecular regulation mechanism.Methods Gene expression data of 102 PDAC patients with complete clinical survival data were selected from gene expression database of National Center for Biotechnology Information.The 106 transcription regulation gene collection was collected from Transfac database.The 715 microRNA (miRNA)target regulation gene collection was selected according to PicTar and TargetScanS method.Biological pathway data obtained from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).The known cancer genes were collected from the cancer gene census (CGC) database.Univariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the correlation between gene expression data and survival time,then obtained survival related candidate genes from the whole genome. Then the enriched genes were analyzed by hypergeometric distribution algorithm from three databases. Multiple correction testing was performed by BH-FDR method (FDR < 0.05 ).Kaplan-Meier was performed for survival curve analysis of PDAC.Results The results of data of 102 PDAC patients analyzed by univariate Cox proportional hazards model indicated that 273 genes were significantly related to the survival time of patients (P <0.000 1 ).After 273 survival genes were enrichment analyzed in 106 transcription factor regulation gene collection,12 survival genes enriched transcription factor target gene sets were found.After 273 survival genes were enrichment analyzed in 715 miRNA target regulation gene collection,11 survival genes enriched miRNAs target sets were discovered.After 273 survival genes were enrichment analyzed in pathway data of KEGG,15 survival genes enriched pathways were obtained. Period circadian clock 2 (PER2 )was regulated by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBPA)at transcription level and regulated by miRNA-32 after transcription.The prognosis of PDAC was affected by circadian rhythm pathway.The 102 patients with PDAC were ranked according to the expression of PER2 from high to low,the first 51 cases were included in PER2 higher expression group and the left were included in PER2 lower expression group.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that PER2 was significantly correlated with prognosis of PDAC (P <0.01 ).Conclusion CEBPA/miRNA-32/PER2 and its related circadian clock pathway may be the target pathway in interfering the development of PDAC,and is correlated with the prognosis of PDAC.