RESUMO
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy often causes long-term adverse effect on neurological system or even death in near-term or full-term infants, but no effective treatment is available currently. Studies have shown that xenon can reduce brain injury caused by hypoxia-ischemia and is promising in clinical practice. The possible mechanisms include antagonism to glutamic acid receptors, anti-apoptosis, promotion of cell repair and xenon preconditioning. This article reviews the mechanism and research progress on neuroprotection effect of xenon in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
RESUMO
Objective:To study the protective effects and mechanisms of melatonin (MTn) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hypoxic-ischemic(HI) induced white matter damage (WMD) in neonatal rats.Methods:Seventy-two 3-day-old newborn Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into sham operation group (the sham group), model group (the HI group) and MTn intervention group (the HI+MTn group) ( n=24 for each group). For the sham group, only dissection of the right common carotid artery was performed without ligation. Animal models of WMD were established using LPS pretreatment and HI method in both the HI group and HI+MTn group. The HI+MTn group received MTn intraperitoneal injection (15 mg/kg, 1 h before LPS injection and then once daily). The HI group and the sham group received equal volume of normal saline containing 1% ethanol intraperitoneal injection. The rats were sacrificed on d7 of experiment and periventricular white matter (PVWM) was collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and TUNEL staining to determine WMD and apoptosis. The distribution and morphology of microglial cells in the PVWM were studied using IBA1 immunofluorescence staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit was used to detect ROS. The expression of nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and mitochondrial autophagy markers (pink1 and parkin) were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. Results:Compared with the sham group, the HI group showed WMD, cell degeneration and necrosis,increased cell apoptosis and increased expressions of NLRP3 inflammasomes and downstream inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-18) in PVWM. Compared with the HI group,the HI+MTn group showed reduced WMD, cell apoptosis, microglia infiltration and inflammatory factors expression. MTn increased pink1 and parkin expression and reduced ROS production in PVWM.Conclusions:MTn reduces ROS production by enhancing mitochondrial autophagy and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasomes hyperactivation to alleviate endotoxin- and HI-induced WMD in neonatal rats.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the effect of Micro-lecture combined with Simbaby teaching model in the practical teaching of neonatology for undergraduates . Methods A total of 160 five-year medical undergraduates from grade 2013 to grade 2015 were divided into group A (the control group) and group B (the experimental group), with 40 male students and 40 female students in each group. Students in group B received Micro-lecture combined with Simbaby teaching model, while students in group A received traditional teaching method. In group A, teachers adopted traditional teaching method with the use of common teaching models, then students practiced on these models following the demonstrations from teachers. In group B, students previewed the contents before class in micro-lecture, then teachers made Simbaby to be used as case models and explained to the students as how to use the model in actual class. Students made diagnosis and gave treatment to the Simbaby after physical examination . At last , teaching effects were evaluated by questionnaire survey and theoretical test. The SPSS 24.0 was used to conduct t-test and chi square test. Results The average scores of theoretical test (88.40±9.40) and skill test in group B (79.53± 8.84) were significantly higher than those in group A (84.86 ±9.50) and (72.35 ±9.70), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The results of Questionnaires showed that learning enthusiasm and initiative, clinical operation skills and clinical thinking ability in group B were significantly better than in group A (P<0.05). However, improvement of the awareness for team cooperation in the two groups had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Micro-lecture combined with Simbaby teaching model can help students comprehend the basic theories of neonatal disease and improve their clinical operation skills, self-learning ability and clinical thinking ability, which is worth to be promoted in neonatal clinical teaching.
RESUMO
Objective@#To investigate the effect of Micro-lecture combined with Simbaby teaching model in the practical teaching of neonatology for undergraduates.@*Methods@#A total of 160 five-year medical undergraduates from grade 2013 to grade 2015 were divided into group A (the control group) and group B (the experimental group), with 40 male students and 40 female students in each group. Students in group B received Micro-lecture combined with Simbaby teaching model, while students in group A received traditional teaching method. In group A, teachers adopted traditional teaching method with the use of common teaching models, then students practiced on these models following the demonstrations from teachers. In group B, students previewed the contents before class in micro-lecture, then teachers made Simbaby to be used as case models and explained to the students as how to use the model in actual class. Students made diagnosis and gave treatment to the Simbaby after physical examination. At last, teaching effects were evaluated by questionnaire survey and theoretical test. The SPSS 24.0 was used to conduct t-test and chi square test.@*Results@#The average scores of theoretical test (88.40±9.40) and skill test in group B (79.53±8.84) were significantly higher than those in group A (84.86±9.50) and (72.35±9.70), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The results of Questionnaires showed that learning enthusiasm and initiative, clinical operation skills and clinical thinking ability in group B were significantly better than in group A (P<0.05). However, improvement of the awareness for team cooperation in the two groups had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Micro-lecture combined with Simbaby teaching model can help students comprehend the basic theories of neonatal disease and improve their clinical operation skills, self-learning ability and clinical thinking ability, which is worth to be promoted in neonatal clinical teaching.