Possible protective mechanisms of some antioxidants against different type of induced gastric ulcer in rats: implications of nitric oxide synthase

This work studied the involvement of free radicals in pathogenesis of different types of induced ulcer and the protective effect of some antioxidants. Some of the possible protective mechanisms of antioxidants [zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E] were investigated against ethanol, indomethacin and across induced ulcer in rats. A group of six normal rats served as a control group. It was concluded that antioxidants zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E can protect gastric mucosa against ethanol, indomethacin and stress induced ulcer in rats. The protective effect against gastric mucosal damage may be done through inhibition of lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane in association with hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, prevention of glutathione depletion, improvement of antioxidant capacity or preservation of NOS activity

Ramipril and N-Acetylcysteine protection against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity: correlation with superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase and nitric oxide synthase activities

This study examined the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor [ramipril], the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and their combination pretreatment on mercuric chloride induced nephrotoxicity. Forty-two male albino rats were used and divided into seven equal groups. Mercuric chloride administration produced a significant disturbance in renal function tests [increase in serum urea and creatinine and urinary creatinine, N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase [NAG] and beta2-microglobulin levels]. These renal alterations were accompanied by a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase [SOD] and nitric oxide synthase [NOS] and a significant increase in myeloperoxidase [MPO] activities as compared with the control group. The results indicated that ramipril and, to a lesser extent, N- acetylcysteine may protect the kidney against HgCl2 induced nephrotoxicity. But, their combinations provoked more protection. Moreover, SOD, MPO and NOS activities may effectively help in the induction of HgCl2 induced nephrotoxicity and its prognosis

comparative study between gliclazide, glibenclamide and glipizide on plasma glucose, C-peptide, lipid profile and on some peroxidative changes in diabetic rats

This study was performed on 50 male adult albino rats [10 normal and 40 alloxan-induced diabetic rats] divided into five groups, each of ten rats. The study recommended the use of gliclazide in NIDDM due to its excellent glycemic control and prevention of the long- term vascular complications; it also restores the abnormalities in lipid peroxides, oxidative markers and antioxidant enzymes

Effect of long term therapy of some antiinflamatory agents on metabolic and functional characteristics of respiratory muscles in rats

This study utilized the metabolic differentiation paradigm of respiratory muscles which was related to the relative capacities of anaerobic and aerobic bioenergetic glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities as a relative measure of these pathways. The results supported the deleterious effect of corticosteroids, indomethacin and garamycin on respiratory muscles through alterations in biochemical and metabolic functions of the muscles by different degrees and different ways. Also, it provided a scope on vitamin E and its important and vital role in protection against respiratory muscle damage produced by different drugs and by different mechanisms. These results were discussed

Influence of general anaesthesia with halothane and isoflurane on some parameters of gastric juice in the rat

The effect of two inhalational anesthetics, halothane and isoflurane on gastric secretory activity was investigated in the rat. Compared with the control group, halothane significantly decreased the hydrochloric acid concentration, peptic activity and volume of the gastric secretion, while it produced no change in the mucin content. Isoflurane caused a significant decrease in the volume and hydrochloric acid concentration as compared to control. On the other hand, the mucin content showed a significant increase and no change in the peptic activity. Attempts to explain the possible mechanisms underlying these findings have been discussed. The risk from inhalation of acid gastric contents seems to be reduced during and at the end of general anesthesia using anesthetic agents. Also, the results show that isoflurane and halothane appeared to be a reasonable choice when emergency surgery is required and/or in patients with symptoms of hyperacidity