Teratoma do mediastino simulando derrame pleural no estudo radiológico do tórax / Mediastinal teratoma mimicking pleural effusion on chest X-rays

Teratomas mediastinais representam 8 a 13 por cento dos tumores nesta região. Uma paciente de 27 anos apresentou-se com dor torácica e dispnéia de evolução arrastada. O radiograma de tórax revelou opacidade quase total do hemitórax direito, levando à suspeita de derrame pleural. A tomografia de tórax evidenciou coleção pleural heterogênea, de contornos regulares (10,1 x 11,7 cm), nos dois terços inferiores do hemitórax direito, sem envolvimento de estruturas adjacentes. Na toracotomia exploradora, pela hipótese de teratoma cístico benigno do mediastino, realizou-se ressecção total da lesão, com boa evolução pós-operatória. A apresentação atípica e grande crescimento do tumor dificultaram o diagnóstico pré-operatório.

Teratomas account for 8-13 percent of all mediastinal tumors. A 27-year-old patient presented with chest pain and dyspnea of prolonged evolution. A chest X-ray revealed near total opacification of the right hemithorax. On a tomography scan of the chest, a collection of heterogeneous fluid, with irregular borders and 10.1 x 11.7 cm in size, was seen in the pleura of the lower two-thirds of the right hemithorax but was not encroaching on any of the adjacent structures. Based on the hypothesis that these findings represented a benign mediastinal teratoma, an exploratory thoracotomy was performed, during which such a teratoma was found and completely excised. The post-operative evolution was favorable. The atypical presentation and considerable growth of the tumor hindered the pre-operative diagnosis.

Hemoptise como manifestação de aneurisma de aorta torácica descendente / Hemoptysis as a clinical manifestation of a thoracic aortic aneurysm

Aortotracheal fistula is a rare condition that is invariably fatal if not diagnosed and surgically treated. Patients usually present with small intermittent hemoptysis. The findings using computerized tomography (CT) are usually diagnostic. CT should be considered in the initial investigation of patients suspected to have such a disease. A 62-year-old woman with a aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta presented with new-onset back pain and hemoptysis. The hemoptysis was thought to be the result of invasion of the bronchial tree by the aneurysm.