Efficacy of Emergency Endoscopic Hemostasis Combined with Somatostatin in Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To discuss the efficacy of emergency endoscopic hemostasis combined with somatostatin in treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Methods:100 patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were selected and divided into two groups randomly.The control group (48 cases) was given conventional hemostatic measures.The observation group (52 cases) was given emergency endoscopic hemostasis combined with somatostatin.The efficacy of emergency endoscopic hemostasis combined with somatostatin in treatment of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was evaluated by efficacy,the curative success rate and the improvement situation of clinical symptoms.Results:The effective rate was 88.5 ％ in the observation group,and the effective rate was 70.8 ％ in the control group,and the effective rate of observation group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The success rate for different lesion size was higher in the observation group compared with control group (P＜0.05).According to the success rate,with the increased size of lesion,the hemostasis rate was decreased.The hospitalization,negative fecal occult and haematemesis disappeared time of observation group was shorter than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The postoperative bleeding rate of observation group was lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions:The emergency endoscopic hemostasis combined with somatostatin has a good therapeutic effect on upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.It can improve the clinical symptoms and shorten the hospitalization time,but its effect is limited on large lesion of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Clinical effects of Compound Biejia Ruangan Tablet combined with entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B with hepatic fibrosis / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Compound Biejia Ruangan Tablet (CBRT) combined with entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B with hepatic fibrosis.Methods Totally 92 cases of patients with hepatic fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B in Ankang people's hospital from January 2013 to May 2016 were divided into observation group (n =45) and control group (n =47),patients in observation group were treated with CBRT combined with entecavir,and patients in the control group were treated with entecavir.Treatment was for 48 weeks.The liver function,liver fibrosis,serum inflammatory factors,and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the ALT,AST,TBIL,and ALB/GLB levels of two group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between two groups after treatment.After treatment,the PCⅢ,IV-C,HA,LN,IL-6,IL-4,IL-10,and TNF-α levels of two group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the PCⅢ,IV-C,HA,LN,IL-6,IL-4,IL-10,and TNF-α levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CBRT combined with entecavir is safe and effective to treat liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis b,and it could significantly improve liver function,improve the degree of liver fibrosis,and reduce the level of serum inflammatory factors.

Observation and comparison of the efficacy of three kinds of operational method for treatment of thoraco- lumbar fractures / 实用医学杂志

Objective To compare treatment and efficacy of thoracolumbar fractures by using three different screw fixations:traditional approach,the vertebral side clearance into the road and percutaneous pedicle. Methods A total of 82 single segmental thoracic lumbar fractures cases hospitalized from March 2011 to March 2014 ,with male 67 cases ,female 15 cases ,and average age(33.7+/-12.5)years old. Patients were randomly divided into three groups:traditional approach group (n = 23),operation through paraspinal muscle gap group (n = 30),percutaneous group(n = 29). These following indicators will be compared in three groups:duration of operation ,intraoperative blood loss ,intraoperative fluoroscopy time ,postoperative flow ,VAS scores before and after operation and Oswestry disability index , difference of spinal sagittal position Cobb′s Angle. Results Compared with the traditional approach group ,operation through paraspinal muscle gap group and percu-taneous group have obvious advantages in duration of operation,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative flow,VAS scores before and after operation ,the Oswestry disability index. Additionally ,above mentioned three surgical methods could recover kyphosis deformity ,and there was no statistically significant difference among three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion In the treatment of monosegmental thoracolumbar fractures ,compared with traditional approach ,operation through paraspinal muscle gap and percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation have more advantages which includes fewer trauma,less bleeding,faster recovery and lower incidence of postoperative low back pain.

Bioactive Study on Mixtures of Epimedin C and Icariin Monomers with Invariant Molarity to Zebrafish Osteoporosis Model / 中草药·英文版

Objective To evaluate the anti-osteoporosis effect of the mixtures of epimedin C and icariin monomers with invariant molarity on zebrafish osteoporosis model. Methods The zebrafishes, fertilized 4 d ago, were exposed in 11 groups of nutrient solutions with prednisolone (25 μmol/L) as well as epimedin C and icariin (15 μmol/L) of various contents. The ratio of epimedin C and icariin in the 11groups were as follows: A (10:0), B (9:1), C (8:2), D (7:3), E (6:4), F (5:5), G (4:6), H (3:7), I (2:8), J (1:9), and K (0:10). Meanwhile, a negative control group with prednisolone (25 μmol/L) was prepare as S. The selected zebrafish fetus was put into the 24-hole culture plate, and ensure every 5 zebrafishes in 1 hole and 2 holes as a group. They were placed in incubator at 28.5 °C, and the daily changes of fluid were investigated until they were put to death on day 8 and then fixed. After dyeing with alizarin red, the segmental venter of zebrafish skulls was observed and quantitative analysis of dyed area was conducted. Results Compared with the negative control group S, the integrated optical density (IOD) values of cranial dyed area in all groups increased significantly (P < 0.05); Compared with group S, the IOD value of cranial dyed area in mixtures of epimedium monomers increased significantly (P < 0.05). The mixtures of epimedium monomers were all effective in facilitating zebrafish cranial mineralization and preventing prednisolone from inducing osteoporosis. According to mixtures of A-K groups, zebrafish cranial mineralization gradually decreased with gradually reduced content of epimedin C, with significant difference among groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The higher the content of epimedin C in mixtures with invariant molarity is, the more active the anti-osteoporosis effect of epimedinC to zebrafish osteoporosis model is.

HPLC-based activity profiling of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma constituents from the Tibetan medicine, Caragana tibetica / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

During the screening of a traditional Chinese folk herb library against HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines, the EtOAc extract from the Tibetan medicine, Caragana tibetica (CT-EtOAc) exhibited potential anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (anti-HCC) activity. HPLC-based activity profiling was performed for targeted identification of anti-HCC activity from CT-EtOAc by MS-directed purification method. CT-EtOAc was separated by time-based fractionation for further anti-HCC bioassay by a semipreparative HPLC column (150 mm × 10 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a single injection of 5 mg. Bioassay-guided and ESIMS-directed large scale purification was performed with a single injection of 400 mg of CT-EtOAc by peak-based fractionation. A 1.4-mm heavy wall micro NMR tube with z-gradient was used to measure one and two dimensional NMR spectra for the minor or trace amounts of components of the extract. Two active compounds could be elucidated as naringenin chalcone (CT-1) and 3-hydroxy-8, 9-dimethoxypterocarpan (CT-2) relevant to anti-HCC effects for the EtOAc extract of C. tibetica rapidly and unambiguously by this protocol.

HPLC-based activity profiling of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma constituents from the Tibetan medicine, Caragana tibetica / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

During the screening of a traditional Chinese folk herb library against HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines, the EtOAc extract from the Tibetan medicine, Caragana tibetica (CT-EtOAc) exhibited potential anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (anti-HCC) activity. HPLC-based activity profiling was performed for targeted identification of anti-HCC activity from CT-EtOAc by MS-directed purification method. CT-EtOAc was separated by time-based fractionation for further anti-HCC bioassay by a semipreparative HPLC column (150 mm × 10 mm i.d., 5 μm) with a single injection of 5 mg. Bioassay-guided and ESIMS-directed large scale purification was performed with a single injection of 400 mg of CT-EtOAc by peak-based fractionation. A 1.4-mm heavy wall micro NMR tube with z-gradient was used to measure one and two dimensional NMR spectra for the minor or trace amounts of components of the extract. Two active compounds could be elucidated as naringenin chalcone (CT-1) and 3-hydroxy-8, 9-dimethoxypterocarpan (CT-2) relevant to anti-HCC effects for the EtOAc extract of C. tibetica rapidly and unambiguously by this protocol.

Emergence of novel variants of gyrA, parC, qnrS genes in multi-drug resistant Klebsiella caused pneumonia / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the resistant mechanism of quinolones on multi-drug resistant Klebsiella caused pneumonia(MDR-KPN).Methods From August 2008 to May 2010,47 strains of MDR-KPN were collected from 6 hospitals in Hangzhou and Huzhou in Zhejiang province in China.Drug target genes to quinolones (gyrA,parC) and quinolone-resistance genes mediated by mobile genetic elements [qnrA,qnrB,qnrS,aac (6')-Ⅰ b-cr,qepA] were analyzed by PCR and verified by DNA sequencing.Results Positive results were found in 47 strains of MDR-KPN,43 strains (91.5％) of gyrA mutation,40 strains(85.1％) ofparC mutation,3 strains (6.4％) of qnrB2,1 strain (2.1％) ofqnrB 4,8 strains (17.0％) ofqnrS 1,5 strains (10.6％) of qnrS 4,2 strains (4.3％)of aac (6')-Ⅰ b-cr respectively.Moreover,5 novel variants of gyrA (GenBank accession number:JN811952,JN811953,JN811954,JN811955,JN811956),5 novel variants of parC (GenBank accession number:JN817432,JN817433,JN817434,JN817435,JN817436)were also identified.In addition,qnrS4 (GenBank accession number:JN836269) appeared to be the novel variants of qnrS.Conclusion Quinolone-resistance-determining region played a key role on the resistance to quinolones in this group of MDR-KPN,and quinolone-resistance genes mediated by mobile genetic elements [qnrB2,qnrB4,qnrS1,qnrS4,aac (6')-Ⅰ b-cr] showed positive in some parts of the strains.This was the first report on emergence of qnrS4 in the world.

Study on pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring blaKPC-2 type carbapenemase gene from a hospital outbreak in Huzhou, Zhejiang / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the status of genotype of the KPC(Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase)-encoding genes in Pan-resistant K. Pneumoniae, isolated from the 98th Hospital of People' s Liberation Army, Huzhou district, Zhejiang province, China. Methods 19 strains of Pan-resistant K. Pneumoniae were isolated from the inpatients between November, 2008 and July,2009. Phenotypic confirmatory test for suspected carbapenemases production were carried out by Modified Hodge test. Carbapenemase gene of blaKPC was analyzed by PCR and verified by DNA sequencing. Results In 19 strains of K. Pneumoniae, the positive rates of Modified Hodge test and gene of blaKPC were both 100.0%. These genes all belonged to blaKPC-2 subtype confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis. Among them, the blaKPC-2 gene sequence of the HZ001 strain (its original serial number was HZ9871 ) had been registered in GenBank (GenBank Accession Number: GU086225).Conclusion All of the Pan-resistant K. Pneumoniae isolated from the inpatients harbored blaKPC-2 type carbapenemases gene and causing an outbreak in a hospital. Carbapenemases that producing type KPC-2 might be the major reason which causing the resistance to Carbapenems antibiotics.

Analysis on 16S rRNA methylase genes and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes genes in Enterobacter cloacae in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the 16S rRNA methylase genes and Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes(AMEs)genes in Enterobacter cloacae isolated from the People's Liberation Army 98th Hospital,Huzhou district,Zhejiang province,China.Methods 40 strains of Enterobacter cloacae were isolated from the inpatients between September,2003 and November,2004.5 kinds of 16S rRNA methylase gene (including armA,rmtA,rmtB,rmtC and rmtD)and 9 kinds of AMEs gene[including aac(3)-Ⅰ,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(3)-Ⅲ,aac(3)-Ⅳ,aac(6')-Ⅰ b,aac(6')-Ⅱ,ant(3'')-Ⅰ,ant(2'')-Ⅰ and aph(3')-Ⅵ]were analyzed by PCR and verificated by DNA sequencing.Results In 40 strains of Enterobacter cloacae,the positive rates of genes of rmtB,aac(3)-Ⅱ,aac(6')-Ⅰ b,ant(3'')-Ⅰ,ant(2'')-Ⅰ and aph(3')-Ⅵ were 12.5%(5/40),27.5%(11/40),72.5%(29/40),32.5%(13/40),5.0%(2/40)and 5.0%(2/40),respectively.8 kinds of the rest of genes were all tested negative.The total positive rate of AMEs gene was 85.0%(34/40).Among 29 strains of Enterobacter cloacae that the aac(6')-Ⅰ b gene was positive,through PCR and verification by DNA sequencing,7 strains(24.1%)were confirmed to take the aac(6')-Ⅰ b-cr(the GenBank register number:EF375620,EU159121)alone,18 strains(62.1%)were confirmed to take the aac(6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou(EU085533)alone,3 strains(10.3%)were confirmed to take both aac (6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou and aac(6')-Ⅰ b-cr while only 1(3.4%)was aac(6')-Ⅰ b(the classical type).Conclusion There was lower positive rate of 16S rRNA methylase gene but very high AMEs genotypes in Enterobacter cloacae isolated from inpatients and the finding of rmtB gene was reported for the first time in the world.At least 5 kinds of AMEs gene existed in Enterobacter cloacae were isolated and they were the new host of both gene of aac(6')-Ⅰ b-cr and aac(6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou,with aac(6')-Ⅰ b-Suzhou gene was the predominance subtype in aac(6')-Ⅰ b.

Emergence of 16S rRNA methylase gene rmtB in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the inpatients in Zhejiang province, China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the presence and genetic background of 16S rRNA methylase gene and Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes(AMEs) genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the People's Liberation Army 98th HospitaI,Huzhou district,Zhejiang province,China.Methods 25 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the inpatienta between September,2005 and April,2006.6 kinds of 16S rRNA methylase gene (including armA,rmtA,rmtB,rmtC,rmtD and npmA ),6 kinds of AMEs genes [ including aac (3)-Ⅰ,sac (3)-Ⅱ,sac (6')-Ⅰ,aac (6')-Ⅱ,ant (3")-Ⅰand ant(2")-Ⅰ],intI1,intI2,intI3,mercuric reductase gene merA (merA gene were the collective genetic markers of transposona of Tn21 and Tn501 ) and tnpA ( tnpA gene were the collective genetic markers of transposons of Tn1,Tn2,Tn3 and Tn1000) were analyzed by PCR and verificated by DNA sequencing.Results In 25 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae,the positive rate of genes of rmtB,sac (3)-Ⅱ,sac (6')-Ⅰ,ant(3")-Ⅰ and intI1 were 60.0%(15/25),4.0%(1/25),48.0%(12/25),60.0%(15/25) and 96.0%(24/25),respectively.The rest 12 kinds of genes were all tested negative.The total positive rate of 6 kinds of AMEs gene was 84.0%(21/25).Conclusion There were very high positive rate on both genes of rmtB and AMEs genotypes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from inpatients,and this was the first report of the emergence of 16S rRNA methylase gene rmtB in Klebsiella pneumoniae identified in Zhejiang province,China.

Study on the molecular epidemiology of SHV type beta-lactamase-encoding genes of multiple-drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the plasmid-mediated SHV type beta-lactamases-encoding genes sequence and to identify its subtype of multiple-drug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Huzhou district, Zhejiang province, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty strains of acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from hospitalized patients between Jul, 2000 and Dec, 2002. Susceptibility of antimicrobial agents and confirmatory tests for Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) were tested by microdilute method. SHV type beta-lactamases-encoding genes were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SHV sequences of acinetobacter baumannii HZ02 and HZ10 strains were detected by ABI automated sequencer and were analysed to compare with SHV genes that had been published in GenBank.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eighteen (30.0%) strains of acinetobacter baumannii isolated between Jun, 2001 and Jan, 2002 were carrying SHV beta-lactamases resistant gene of plasmids. Detected SHV sequences of acinetobacter baumannii HZ02 strain and HZ10 strain had 825 and 833 nucleotides respectively and had the same gene sequence as the gene encoding SHV-12 subtype of ESBLs discovered in Switzerland.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Thirty percentage of the clinically isolated acinetobacter baumannii were carrying SHV type (extended-spectrum) beta-lactamases resistant gene of plasmids and causing an outbreak in hospital and was discovered to have carried the strains of SHV-12 subtype producing ESBLs gene in acinetobacter baumannii which was the first reported case in the world.</p>

Liver perfusion technique and its applications in drug study / 中国药理学通报

Liver perfusion technique has been used in drug study for many decades. Liver perfusion has outstanding advantages over other techniques, such as isolated hepatocytes, hepatic cell lines, and hepatocyte membrane vesicles.It is an ideal experimental model used in drug metabolism, drug-drug interactions, and pharmacokinetic studies. Liver perfusion technique, its advantages or disadvantages, and its extensive applications have been reviewed.