RESUMO
Objective:To survey the experiences and perception of caregivers on home care service for community-dwelling elderly.Methods:From August to December 2021, individual semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers of the elderly from five community health centers in Beijing Xicheng and Miyun districts selected by purposive sampling.Results:Nine caregivers,2 males and 7 females aged 49-76 (62.8±9.4) years were interviewed in this study. The nursing care period was 3-48 (17±13) years. Four themes were extracted from the interview data: older people′s own condition was the primary factor influencing the home care needs; medical needs for home care were determined by the caregivers′ factors; community health service was important for meet home medical needs; and supporting of home care services for the elderly need to be strengthened.Conclusion:The experience of elderly home caregivers in using community home medical services is affected by many factors, and in the future, the content of home medical services should be improved, and the skills training of community elderly home caregivers should be strengthened, so as to improve the quality of life at home and promote the health literacy of the elderly.
RESUMO
Objective:To investigate the research competence and training needs of young general practitioners (GPs) in Guangdong province.Methods:A questionnaire survey on research competence and training needs was conducted in December 2020 among GPs from one selected economically developed area and one selected less developed area in Guangdong Province.Results:A total of 172 young GPs were included in the study. The survey showed that 75.6% (130/172) and 76.2% (131/172) respondents thought that participation in scientific research and research literacy were important, but only 11.9% (21/172) had participated in research project, among whom 81.0% (17/21) undertook data collection. The basic score of evidence-based medicine was 24.00(21.00, 28.00), and 55.2% respondents (95/172) were able search literature when they encountered problems and 43.7% (77/172) used domestic databases. The self-assessment score of scientific research ability was 14.00(12.00, 17.00), the score of research training needs was 41.00(31.00, 49.50), and the scores of "scientific research topic selection, scientific research design, statistical analysis, organization and implementation, and paper writing" were generally high. There was significant difference in the total scores of the two scales of evidence-based medicine basis and scientific research ability self-assessment among respondents with different educational background ( P<0.05). The basic score of evidence-based medicine of orientation-trained GPs was higher than that of non-orientation-tranined GPs; the average score of research training needs in female respondents was higher than that in males ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The study suggests that young general practitioners have inadequate experience in research participation and organization, and low self-ratings of research competence, but generally high personal efficacy in research. It is recommended that appropriate training content and well-organized intervention should be developed for young GPs.
RESUMO
Objective:To investigate the status quo and related issues of reception of pediatric patients by general practitioners in community health centers in Longhua District of Shenzhen through qualitative and quantitative studies.Methods:In qualitative study, 10 general practitioners (GPs) from community health centers in Longhua District of Shenzhen were selected by the purpose sampling method for personal in-depth interviews. The interview contents were recorded and transcribed, then coded by Nvivo software. Theme frame analysis method was used for data sorting and theme extraction. Based on the results of qualitative interviews, the questionnaire was developed and distributed through the electronic questionnaire platform. The contents of the questionnaire included general information, the situation of pediatric patient reception in community health centers, the willingness and ability of GPs to receive children, the existing problems and the measures to promote receiving pediatric patients in community health centers.Results:The results of personal in-depth interviews with 10 GPs showed that the obtained information reached saturation. Through repeated reading, induction and analysis of the interview data, four themes were extracted: ① GPs in community health centers received a large number of pediatric outpatients with common diseases; ② GPs in community health centers are willing to receive child patients, but they were lack of ability; ③ there were many problems of pediatric patients reception in community health centers; ④ training and incentive policies would help to promote child patient reception in community health centers. A total of 223 electronic questionnaires were collected, 219 of which were valid for analysis. All the community health centers in Longhua District received pediatric patients, the number accounted for 20%-60% of the total outpatients; 84.5%(185/219)of the responders were willing to receive child patients, 65.8% (144/219)of them assumed that the consulting ability was average. The main problems for GPs to receive pediatric patients were "insufficient training" (76.7%,168/219) and "lack of consulting ability" (55.3%,121/219). The important measures to promote GPs to receive child patients were to improve their own clinical competence (94.1%,206/219), to have clinical faculty with pediatric background mentoring at the community health center (74.9%,164/219), to improve the supporting facilities (42.9%,94/219) and continuous professional support (38.8%,85/219).Conclusion:The status quo of pediatric patient reception in the community of Shenzhen Longhua District is generally satisfactory. The main problems in this aspect are insufficient training for general practitioners and lack of clinical competence, which should be strengthened and improved in the future.
RESUMO
Objective:To analyze the status of prevention and control of COVID-19 in primary care institutions at the early stage of the epidemic.Methods:Thirty healthcare professionals from various places of China were recruited in the study from 6 thto 16 th February 2020 through WeChat platform advertising and by purposive sampling method. They were general practitioners (GPs), administrators, and other specialists, all of whom were involved in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Personal interview and focus group discussion were conducted online. The topic guide was as follows: (1) Introduction of the work that primary healthcare professionals carried out during the outbreak of COVID-19. (2) Difficulties and challenges that healthcare professionals encountered. (3) Opinions on the prevention and control of COVID-19. (4) Advices on future outbreak of similar epidemics or disease. NVivo 12 software system was used to code and classify the interview content, and thematic framework analysis was used to sort out and analyze the data and extract the interview themes. Results:Six themes were extracted: (1) The community hospital leaders led the work in time but job distribution and prevention procedures were insufficient; and the workload of GPs was heavy. (2) Primary care settings had carried out pre-screening and triage; while outpatient clinic continued to provide health care service for local residents, especially stressing online service and consultation to reduce the population mobility. (3) GPs should make full use of technical advantages and participate in joint prevention and control. (4) GPs offered various health education to residents to improve their awareness of self-protection. (5) GPs lacked professional skills and needed more related training, while the current training were still insufficient. (6) There were not enough supplies and GPs had increasing worries about the infection risks.Conclusions:GPs play an important role in effectively curbing the spread of the epidemic. It is suggested that the setting of triage and fever clinic in primary care institutions need to be readjusted; and the training of prevention and control knowledge and skill for GPs need to be strengthened in the future.
RESUMO
LBD(lateral organ boundaries)transcription factors play an important role in the regulation of plant growth, development and secondary metabolism. In order to explore the function of LBD genes in cannabis, the Cannabis sativa genome and transcriptome were used to identify the C. sativa LBD gene family, and analyzed their expression patterns. Our results showed that the cannabis LBD contains 32 members, which were divided into two major categories, seven sub-families. Class Ⅰ was divided into 5 sub-families, named Class Ⅰ_a to Class Ⅰ_e, while Class Ⅱ was divided into 2 sub-families, including Class Ⅱ_a and Class Ⅱ_b. Analysis showed that the number of amino acids encoded LBDs was between 172 and 356, and the isoelectric point was between 4.92 and 9.43. The mole-cular weight of LBD was between 18 862.92 Da and 40 081.33 Da, and most members are located in the nucleus. Chromosome positioning of LBD showed that 32 members were unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes of C. sativa LBD transcription factor domain, gene structure and motifs are relatively conservative, and the characteristics of different class members are similar. The upstream promoter region of the gene contains a variety of cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and environmental factors, C. sativa LBD genes have different expression patterns in the stems, leaves, and flowers of ZYS varieties(low tetrahydrocannabinol, high cannabidiol). The members of the LBD gene family are mainly expressed in the flowers and stems of ZYS varieties, while members expressed in the leaves very few; Class Ⅱ members CsLBD21 and CsLBD23 are expressed in flowers and stems, and CsLBD8 and CsLBD18 are expressed in flowers, stems and leaves. These genes may participate in the growth and development of cannabis and affect the biosynthesis of cannabinoids. This study laid the foundation for the subsequently functional research of the cannabis LBD gene family.