RESUMO
The purpose of the study was to identify the nursing diagnoses for aged persons in gerontological clinical practice of nursing students. In this study, a total of 101 cases including 36 cases of hospitalized elder, 33 cases of institutionalized elders, and 32 cases of community dwelling elders were used in case studies reported by nursing students. Descriptive statistics was employed to determine 370 nursing diagnoses in 101 cases. There were four findings. First, 47.5% of total 370 nursing diagnoses was 'risk for injury'. The next highest percentage of nursing diagnoses was 38.9%( powerless/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance). Second, the most nursing diagnosis for hospitalized elders was 'knowledge deficit'(41.7%), and the next was 'risk for injury'(38.9%), and 'risk for impaired skin integrity'(27.8%). Third, for both institutionalized elders and community dwelling elders, the most nursing diagnosis was 'risk for injury', and the next was 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance', and 'activity intolerance/impaired physical immobility'. Fourth, the related factors of 'risk for injury' were low bone density, low balance, low visual and auditory ability, muscle atrophy, low cognitive function, danger environment, and knowledge deficit. the related factors of 'powerlessness/hopelessness/self-esteem disturbance' were low activity ability, social isolation, low motivation depression, change of daily pattern, decrease of memory, and disorientation. These findings have implications that risk for injury related to physical changes of aging is the most significant health problem of frail elders in diverse setting. In addition, emotional problems of powerless, hopelessness, and self-esteem disturbance are significant need to develop nursing intervention for frail elders in diverse setting.
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Envelhecimento , Densidade Óssea , Depressão , Idoso Fragilizado , Memória , Motivação , Atrofia Muscular , Diagnóstico de Enfermagem , Enfermagem , Pele , Isolamento Social , Estudantes de EnfermagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Based on the work of Messerklinger, endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS) has become popular during recent years. Many reports on the technique of, indications for, and results of ESS have been published. Few reports are devoted exclusively to the complications of ESS in Korea. OBJECTIVES: In this paper, the complications of ESS in Korea and the findings and prevention of complications are discussed through early recognition and appropriate management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study about the complications of ESS was done on 42 hospitals from 1988 to 1995 in Korea. The incidence of complications of ESS in Korea(total 31,012 cases) is compared to complications in three other series of patients(total 2,165 cases) who underwent ESS in foreign contries and three series of patients(total 2,454 cases) who underwent conventional endonasal sinus surgery. RESULTS: Major complications occurred in 0.04% and major bleeding was the commonest. Minor complications occurred in 22.54% and were related to recurrent inflammatory symptom and midddle turbinate adhesions. CONCLUSIONS: There are some differences in incidence of each complications according to surgical approach. In major complications, the incidence of intracranial and orbital complication with the conventional endonasal sinus surgery approach was higher than that of endoscopic approach. Another difference is that adhesions do not occur with the conventional approach because middle turbinate is routinely removed. The incidence of recurrent symptoms was highest with ESS in Korea. We discuss complications of the procedures and the related factors to complications.