Immunohistochemical Identification of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Liquid-based Cytology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Nine Cases Report

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii, which is specific to humans. PCP could be a source of opportunistic infection in adults that are immunosuppressed and children with prematurity or malnutrition. The diagnosis should be confirmed by identification of the causative organism, by analysis of the sputum, a bronchoalveolar lavage or a tissue biopsy. In both histologic and cytologic specimens, the cysts are contained within frothy exudates, which form aggregated clumps. The cysts often collapse forming crescent-shaped bodies that resemble ping-pong balls. We recently diagnosed nine cases of PCP using an immunohistochemical stain for Pneumocystis. The patients consisted of five human immunodeficiency virus positive individuals, two renal transplant recipients, and two patients with a malignant disease. All nine patients were infected with P. jirovecii, which was positive for monoclonal antibody 3F6. In conclusion, the immunohistochemical stain used in this report is a new technique for the detection of P. jirovecii infection.

The Effects of Intravenous Lidocaine on Cardiovascular Changes by the use of Tourniquet under Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

Tourniquets were used for adequate hemostasis and good for operative field of the upper and lower extremities surgery. However, hypertension and tachycardia developed in patients undergoing lower limb surgery with the use of a tourniquet under anesthesia. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous lidocaine for the hemodynamic changes with using a tourniquet under anesthesia. The results were as follows: 1) Heart rate was increased significantly 30 min after the use of tourniquet in all groups except group 4( lidocaine bolus with infusion group) and then in group 4 heart rate was decreased significantly 30 min after the use of tourniquet.(U=53(8,8); p) is better anesthetic technique than general anesthesia in patients undergoing lower limb surgery with the use of a tourniquet. With the administration of intravenous lidocaine under general anesthesia, hemodynamic changes by inflating tourniquet were depressed.