Nursing students’ confidence in clinical competency and job readiness during the COVID-19 pandemic era / 한국간호교육학회지

Purpose@#This study explored nursing students’ experiences of attending clinical practicum courses in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic era, focusing on their confidence in clinical competency and job readiness. @*Methods@#The data for this study were collected using online questionnaires that were uploaded to a free online survey website and distributed via a link to the survey to 334 nursing students attending four-year nursing colleges at four national universities. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and ANOVA. @*Results@#The participants were mostly female (83.2%) college seniors (78.1%). About 60% of the participants practiced between 40% to 100% of their clinical practicum hours in alternative ways. Almost a third of the participants reported that they were not ready for a job (30.2%). However, participants’ confidence in clinical competency and job readiness was not related to the rate of alternative practice, but rather to both achievement of educational outcomes and satisfaction in the nursing practicum. @*Conclusion@#Due to COVID-19, it is evident that effective and efficient materials and ways of delivering clinical courses are constantly to be sought and developed. In particular, recently graduated nurses who experienced abrupt and considerable alterations in their clinical practicum courses due to COVID-19 are in need of attention while they strive to make clinical adaptations.

Relationships of Perfectionism Dimensions with Postpartum Depression / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between perfectionism dimensions and postpartum depression among parturient women between 2 weeks to 12 months, using the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). METHODS: Participants were 150 women who had their infants examined for health in two public health centers in a city. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included the FMPS, Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised and the Korean version of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (K-EPDS). The data were analyzed using independent t-tests and a multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of postpartum depression was 43.3% (K-EPDS≥9.5). Multiple regression analysis showed that postpartum depression was significantly associated with parental criticism (β=.21), concern over mistakes (β=.19), postnatal maternal blues (β=.22), history of depression (β=.20), social support (β=.13), marital relationship/satisfaction (β=.14), prenatal anxiety (β=.17), and self-esteem (β=.15, all p values < .05). These variables explained 57.2% of the variance in postpartum depression. CONCLUSION: Parental criticism and concern over mistakes are personality dimensions that can be exhibited by participants and are therefore associated with the development of postpartum depression in parents of infants. The perfectionism assessment is needed to detect postpartum depression and develop strategies to provide effective and preventive interventions.

The Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Improving Social Cognition on the Self efficacy, Relationship Function and Social Skills for Chronic Schizophrenia / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition on the self efficacy, relationship function and social skills for chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: This study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Fifty-two participants were selected from patients with chronic schizophrenia, and they divided into an experimental group(26) and control group(26). Cognitive behavioral group therapy was used as the experimental treatment from March to May. Therapy was administered once a week over 10-weeks. RESULTS: The results showed that compared to the control group, experimental group improved on relationship function and social skills and showed better self-reported self efficacy. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that the cognitive behavioral group therapy improving social cognition is an effective nursing intervention to increase the levels of self efficacy, relationship function and social skills.

The Effect of Self-esteem, Stress and Social Support on Fishermen's Quality of Life / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the relation of self-esteem, stress, social support, and quality of life on fishermen's and to identify factor influencing quality of life. METHODS: Data were collected from 120 the fishermen's who trained at the sailors educational institution located in Busan, Korea. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The quality of life shows a positive correlation with self-esteem and social support, and a negative correlation with stress. The results of multiple regression analysis show that significant variables influencing the quality of life are stress, self-esteem, social support, and job satisfaction. And these variables explained 62.7% of the varience in quality of life. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that stress is the main factor influencing fishermen's quality of life and therefore a variety of interventions designed to lower stress levels are needed. In addition, comprehensive programs that can increase the levels of fishermen's self-esteem, social support, and job satisfaction need to be implemented.

College Students' Interpersonal Problems and Mental Health according to Experience of Bullying and being Bullied / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the interpersonal problems andmental health of college students according to their experience of bullies and of being victims of bullying in childhood and adolescence. METHODS: The questionnaire was completed by 221 college students in J city. Data were collected during November and December, 2015. The data were analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statistics and ANOVA with the PASW Statistics 18.0 program. RESULTS: Nearly 65% of participants reported having experienced bullying victimization, bullying perpetration when they were in elementary, middle or high school. Interpersonal problems were significantly different between victims or victim-perpetrator and a control group (F=13.12, p<.001). Mental health was significantly different between victims, perpetrator or victim-perpetrator and a control group, (F=13.15, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Participants commonly reported experiencing bullying while at school and these reports were associated with higher interpersonal problems and lower levels ofmental health. Bullying experience needs further investigation as a preventable cause of interpersonal problems and mental health problems across the lifespan.

Effects of a Positive Psychotherapy Program on Depression, Self-esteem, and Hope in Patients with Major Depressive Disorders / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to verify effects of a positive psychotherapy program on depression, self-esteem, and hope in patients with major depressive disorders. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group pre-post design was used. Participants were 53 people (control group=27 and experimental group=26) who were diagnosed with a major depressive disorder and received psychiatric outpatient treatment. The data were collected from July 1 to December 30, 2013. The experimental group received the positive psychotherapy program 8 times over 8 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using chi2-test, Fisher's exact test and t-test. RESULTS: As the result of the intervention, depression (p<.001), self-esteem (p<.001) and hope (p<.001) improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the positive psychotherapy program can be widely utilized as one of the nursing intervention programs for depressive patients.

Predictors of Breast Self Examination Practice among North Korean Immigrant Women

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women worldwide. Immigrant women face cultural and social impediments, discrimination, and emotional and mental stressors; and they participate less in breast cancer prevention services. Breast self examination (BSE) may be effective in early detection. The purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to identify the practice of BSE and to examine predictors related to the practice of BSE among North Korean female immigrants residing in South Korea. METHODS: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 131 North Korean female immigrants aged 20 years through 65 years who had attended community centers, local churches, and women's gatherings located in Incheon, Kyeongkido, Seoul, and Jeju. RESULTS: This study found that 17.6% of the women performed BSE and 8.4% were taught the methods of detecting breast cancer including BSE. Two significant predictors to performing BSE were found-good perceived health status (P=.003)and education about breast cancer screening and the breast self examination (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that North Korean female immigrants who were taught the detecting methods of breast cancer including BSE were more likely to practice BSE.

Suicidal Ideation and Associated Factors among Korean Elementary School Students / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the occurrence and associated factors with self-reported suicidal ideation within the last 12 months among Korean elementary school students. METHODS: In a school-based cross-sectional survey, a total of 657 students were recruited from elementary schools (age range: 11??2 years) in Jeju area. They filled out self-completing questionnaires on suicidality (suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt), depression (Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory), and sociodemographic characteristics, including school and family factors. RESULTS: A total of 192 (29.2%) students reported suicidal ideation, and the rate of suicidal attempt was 6.1% (n=40). Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with recent suicidal ideation. Female had higher rates of suicidal ideation than male [odds ratio (OR)=1.81, p=0.005], and students with depression (OR=3.23, p<0.001) and experience of abuse in the home (OR=6.77, p<0.001) were at high risk for suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that suicidal ideation and actions are relatively common in Korean elementary school students, and have implications for prevention and intervention.

Factors Affecting Suicidal Ideation in Korean High School Students / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of the suicidal ideation and associated factors with self-reported suicidal ideation within the last 12 months among Korean high school students. METHODS: A total of 697 adolescents were recruited from high schools (age range: 15-16 years) in Jeju area. According to existence of suicidal ideation, they were divided into two groups-suicidal ideation group and non-suicidal ideation group, and the differences between groups in terms of various sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and health related conditions. RESULTS: A total of 187 (26.8%) high school students reported suicidal ideation, and the rate of suicidal attempt was 4.9% (n=34). The associated factors of suicidal ideation were depression [odds ratio (OR)=2.42, p< or =0.001], short sleep duration (OR=1.84, p=0.009), current alcohol use (OR=4.94, p< or =0.001), self reported poor health (OR=2.10, p=0.004), and school bullying (OR=3.06, p=0.002). CONCLUSION: These results may have important implications for the strategies and specified intervention in preventing suicidal ideation in Korean high school students.

Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Elders with Dementia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation in elders with dementia and to identify factors influencing their suicidal ideation. METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March, 2011. The participants were 298 older adults whose MMSE-KC score was 15 to 23. Collected Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: According to the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) classification criteria, 86.2% of the elders in this study exhibited depression (GDS=5), and 31.5% manifested severe depression. The mean score of suicidal ideation was 5.70 (range 0-20). The risk factors for suicidal ideation were depression, suicidal attempt experience, present location for care, and activities of daily living. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be utilized in the development of suicide prevention programs for older adults with dementia. In particular, depression should be screened and managed to reduce suicidal ideation of older adults with dementia.

Effects of Laughter Therapy on Pain, Depression, and Quality of Life of Elderly People with Osteoarthritis / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a laughter therapy on pain, depression, and quality of life of elderly people with osteoarthritis. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants (n=60) included older adults who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis and received treatment at the out patient departments of two different hospitals. Data were collected from March 9 to 30, 2011. Experimental group (n=30) participated in laughter therapy four times, once a week for 50 min per session. Questionnaires were used to measure pretest and posttest levels of pain, depression, and quality of life. RESULTS: At the end of four-week intervention, pain (F=11.32, p=.001) and depression (F=10.77, p=.002) were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Quality of life (F=6.28, p=.015) were significantly improve in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The study results suggest that the laughter therapy is an effective intervention to reduce the pain and depression, and to improve quality of life. It seems that this program can widely be utilized as one of nursing intervention programs for the elderly people with osteoarthritis.

Impact of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Depression on Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: We aimed primarily to investigate the level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and depression in older adults and secondly to identify the impact of LUTS and depression on HRQoL. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2010. Participants were recruited from five community senior centers serving community dwelling older adults in Jeju city. Data analysis was based on 171 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to guide interviews; the data were collected including demographic characteristics, body mass index, adherence to regular exercise, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis), depression, urinary incontinence, LUTS (measured via the International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS]), and HRQoL as assessed by use of the EQ-5D Index. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to test predictors of HRQoL. RESULTS: Eighteen percent (18.6%) of the respondents reported depressive symptoms. The mean LUTS score was 8.9 (IPSS range, 0 to 35). The severity of LUTS, was reported to be mild (score, 0 to 7) by 53% of the respondents, moderate (score, 8 to 19) by 34.5%, and severe (score, 20 to 35) by 12.5%. HRQoL was significantly predicted by depression (Partial R2=0.193, P<0.01) and LUTS (Partial R2=0.048, P=0.0047), and 24% of the variance in HRQoL was explained. CONCLUSIONS: LUTS and depression were the principal predictors of HRQoL in older adults.

Factors Influencing Problem and Pathological Gambling in Participants of Horse Race Gambling

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for pathological gambling of horse race participants. METHODS: The participants, 508 horse race gamblers, completed the DSM-IV criteria of pathological gambling, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and Symptom Checklist-47-Revision (SCL-47-R). Data were analyzed using t-test, chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analyses. Behaviors related to horse racing, alcohol abuse, and mental health were analyzed between problem or pathological gamblers compared to recreational gamblers. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of recreational, problem, and pathological gambling were 36.6%, 39.4%, and 24.0%, respectively. Frequency of gambling (> or =4/day), frequency of racetrack visiting (> or =3/month), accompaniment (alone), and mental health (SCL-47-R scores) were all associated with increased risks of problem and pathological gambling. Expenditure on betting (> or =200,000 won/day) and alcohol abuse (AUDIT-K 8-20 scores) group members had higher levels of gambling pathology than recreational gamblers. CONCLUSION: Problem and pathological gambling are highly associated with alcohol abuse and mental health disorders, suggesting that clinicians should carefully evaluate this population.

Hope, Self-care Agency and Mental Health in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between hope, self-care agency, and mental health in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: The participants were 118 patients with chronic schizophrenia receiving care at a community mental health center. Data were collected from March 5th to May 29th, 2009 and were analyzed with using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was found between hope and self-care agency; and a significant negative correlation between hope and mental health. Hope significantly predicted by mental health (p<.001) explained 34.9% of the variance in mental health. CONCLUSION: As the results indicate hope is significantly correlated with self-care agency and mental health in patients with chronic schizophrenia. It is recommended that intervention programs should be developed to increase hope and to evaluate more precisely factors related to mental health in this population.

Psycho-Social Well-being, Health Perception and Behavior among Clinical Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among psycho-social well-being, and health perception and behavior in clinical nurses. METHODS: The data were collected from 362 nurses employed at five general hospitals. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess demographics and job characteristics, health perception and behavior, depression, and psycho-social stress. The data were analysed using Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. RESULTS: While nurses perceived themselves to be in good health, represented by a high mean for health perceptions, actual health behavior was poor as the mean for health behavior was low. Forty two percents of the subjects were categorized as having major depression and high-stress levels. There were statistically significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to age, marital status, years of employment, and monthly salary. Also, there were significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to health perception, regular meals and exercise, sufficient sleep, job related injury and accident, and absences for ill. CONCLUSION: In order to prevent depression and improve psycho-social well-being among clinical nurses, organizational support and health management needs to be focused on high-risk nurses. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the health perception and behavior of clinical nurses.

Psycho-Social Well-being, Health Perception and Behavior among Clinical Nurses / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among psycho-social well-being, and health perception and behavior in clinical nurses. METHODS: The data were collected from 362 nurses employed at five general hospitals. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess demographics and job characteristics, health perception and behavior, depression, and psycho-social stress. The data were analysed using Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. RESULTS: While nurses perceived themselves to be in good health, represented by a high mean for health perceptions, actual health behavior was poor as the mean for health behavior was low. Forty two percents of the subjects were categorized as having major depression and high-stress levels. There were statistically significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to age, marital status, years of employment, and monthly salary. Also, there were significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to health perception, regular meals and exercise, sufficient sleep, job related injury and accident, and absences for ill. CONCLUSION: In order to prevent depression and improve psycho-social well-being among clinical nurses, organizational support and health management needs to be focused on high-risk nurses. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the health perception and behavior of clinical nurses.

Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Symptoms among North Korean Defectors Living in South Korea for More than One Year

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in North Korean defectors who have been living in South Korea for more than one year. METHODS: We used questionnaires developed by the authors to collect sociodemographic data in addition to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Psychosocial Well-being Index to measure stress, and a social support scale. A total of 367 subjects were included in this study. RESULTS: The results showed that 30.5% of the men and 34.7% of the women reported depressive symptoms, and 33.1% of the men and 36.1% of the women exhibited signs of severe distress. Correlates of depressive symptoms were lack of occupation [odds ratio (OR)=2.198, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.247-3.873], having escaped without family (OR=1.725, 95% CI, 1.006-2.959), and a poor subjective sense of health status (OR=3.111, 95% CI, 1.591-6.085). CONCLUSION: Continuing vocational training and career management, psychological support programs, and intensive physical health services are needed to improve the mental health of this population.

Survey for Community Attitudes toward People with Mental Illness

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate community attitudes towards people with mental illness and to mental health services. METHODS: From August to October of 2006, 474 citizens of Siheung city were asked to give demographic data and their personal attitude toward mental illness and mental health services. RESULTS: The residents of Siheung community showed slightly negative attitudes, with a mean opinion about mental illness score of 93.38+/-17.29. According to the study, health professionals and citizens showed a positive attitude to the establishment of day care centers and residential facilities (62.2% and 55.4% respectively). Civil servants showed negative attitudes (40.4%). There were significant differences in attitudes according to gender, age, education level, occupation, religion, and income. Positive attitudes were found for health professionals and negative attitudes for civil servants. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate a need to provide public information and education for civil servants, and for those who have negative attitudes, in particular, men, people in the younger age group, who have lower education levels, who are Buddhists, monthly renters, who have a monthly income below 1 million won, who have no children and no experience with people who have a mental illness.

The effect of a Group Therapy for the Offenders of Family Violence / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of group therapy to the improvement of self-esteem, anger, stress coping and communication of those who were violent in to family. METHODS: The research design was a onegroup- pretest-posttest design in quasi-experimental research, and the period of this study was from March to October, 2005. Participants were 14 offenders who were ordered to be counseled according to 'the special exemption law for punishing domestic violence.' Group therapy was applied once a week for 8 weeks. Results were collected by using a questionnaire for self-esteem, anger, stress coping and communication. In the data analysis, Wilcoxon signed test with SPSS/WIN 12.0 program was used. RESULTS: The scores of self-esteem and communication showed statistically significant improvement from pre to post therapy. However, the scores of anger and stress coping were not significantly changed from pre to post therapy. CONCLUSION: This group therapy was effective in improving the self-esteem and communication in offenders of family violence.