Effects and mechanisms of CD5 + CD19 + B lymphocytes on CD8 + cells in chronic hepatitis B virus infection / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To explore whether CD5 + CD19 + B cells has the function of secreteing interleukin-10 (IL-10) in vitro, and to further investigate its possible effects and mechanisms on CD8 + cells in the process of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods:From July 2017 to June 2018, at Wuxi Second People′s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 23 patients with chronic hepatitis B (chronic hepatitis B group), 18 patients with liver cirrhosis (liver cirrhosis group) and 19 healthy individuals in the same period as healthy controls (healthy control group) were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) were isolated and cultured. CD5 + CD19 + B cells were isolated. The cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The ratio of high CD5 + CD19 + B cells content (>6 % of lymphocytes), the secretion of IL-10 by CD5 + CD19 + B and the ratio of high IL-10 + cells content (>4 % of lymphocytes) of three groups were compared. The effects and possible mechanisms of CD5 + CD19 + B cells on the secreting of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by CD8 + cells were analyzed. Liver biopsy and immunohistochemistry examination were conducted in 18 patients (13 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 5 patients with liver cirrhosis) and the expression of CD5 + CD19 + B cells in human liver tissues was analyzed. Chi square test and Fisher exact probability test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The ratio of high CD5 + CD19 + B cells content of liver cirrhosis group was higher than that of healthy control group (8/18 vs. 2/19) and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher exact probability test, P=0.029). The precentage of CD5 + CD19 + B cells in healthy control group ( n=10), chronic hepatitis B group ( n=23) and liver cirrhosis group ( n=18) accounted for 81.6%, 82.3% and 70.1%of IL-10 + cells, respectively, and the number of patients with high IL-10 + cells precentage was 2, 7 and 2, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences among three groups (all P>0.05). After stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and cultured for 48 hours, the precentage of CD8 + IFN-γ + cells in lymphocytes of healthy control group ( n=10), chronic hepatitis B group ( n=10) and liver cirrhosis group ( n=10) were compared, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). After CD5 + CD19 + B cells were eliminated, the precentage of CD8 + IFN-γ + cells in lymphocytes increased in 5, 4 and 4 patients of healthy control group ( n=10), chronic hepatitis B group ( n=10) and liver cirrhosis group ( n=10). After adding IL-10 receptor blocker, the precentage of CD8 + IFN-γ + cells in lymphocytes in PBMC increased compared with that before the addition of IL-10 receptor blocker (7.23% vs. 6.87%). The results of immunohistochemistry examination of liver biopsy indicated that CD4 + and CD8 + cells were strong expressed in portal area of liver tissue of patients, while CD5 + and CD19 + were less expressed. Conclusions:CD5 + CD19 + B cells do not show obvious quantitative and functional differences in the process of chronic HBV infection, however the ability of CD8 + cells to secrete IFN-γ, which may be achieved by secreting IL-10 rather than by direct contact between cells.

"Efficacy of the ""clip with the floss"" method during endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric angle cancer" / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of the clip with the flossmethod during endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric angle cancer. Methods A total of 27 gastric angle lesions diagnosed as early gastric cancer were treated by ESD. They were randomized to two groups, routine ESD group and clip with the flossgroup. The procedure time, complication events, en-block resection rate and complete resection rate were compared between the two groups. Also,the learning time was divided to two stages and the learning curve was studied according to the resected specimen areas per minute. Results The en block rate was 85. 7%(12/14) in the routine ESD group and 100. 0%(13/13) in the clip with the floss group. The procedure time in the clip with the flossgroup was significantly less than that in the routine ESD group (the median time 30 min VS 40 min, P =0. 011) . Perforation and the post operative bleeding did not occur in either group. The ESD learning curving during the first learning period and the mean resected specimen (area/min) in theclip with the floss group were larger than routine ESD group(30±6 mm2/min VS 20±5 mm2/min,P=0. 01). However, no difference presented during the second learning period between the two groups. Conclusion Clip with the flossmethod during endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric angle cancer as a novel procedure is safe, efficacious and worthy to recommend to beginning learners.

Change of adhesion molecules in the lungs of rat with decompression sickness / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the change of adhesion molecules in the lungs of rats suffered with decompression sickness (DCS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD rats were placed in the hyperbaric chamber, the chamber was compressed within 3 minutes to depths of 7 absolute atmosphere (ATA) and held at the designated depth for 60 min, then rapidly decompressed (3 min) to the surface. Rats were observed for signs of DCS after decompression. The brains, hepatis, and lungs were removed at 30 min, 6 h, 24 h post decompression, fixed and stained with hematoxylin eosin for routine histologic analysis. Lung paraffin sections were immunostained for the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin and major histocompatibility complex class II molecule (MHC-II). 2% evans blue dye in normal saline was injected 30 minutes prior to 6 h, 24 h before decompression. After 30 min, animals were perfused with 0.9% normal saline and lungs were harvested. Evans blue in the plasma was quantified by wavelength spectrophotometric analysis at 620 nm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Results showed that there were hemorrhage and edema changes in the lungs, liver and brain at 30 min post decompression. Compared with control animals maintained at 1 ATA, the levels of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and MHC-II in the lungs of DCS rats were significantly increased post decompression. Compared with control animals, evans blue in the plasma was much higher at 6 h, 24 h post decompression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bubble-induced adhesion molecule-mediated endothelial activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of DCS.</p>

Changes of adhesion molecules and adenosine in divers post 480 heliox saturation diving / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of adhesion molecules, cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in divers post 480 heliox saturation diving.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four divers were compressed within 96 hours to depths of 480 m with heliox-oxygen and held at the designated depth for 49 hours, excursion to 493 m during their saturation stay, then decompressed within 302 hours to the surface. The blood samples were collected before compression and post decompression, the expression level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), E-selectin, P-selectin, cAMP, cGMP were detected with ELISA analysis box.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the levels of CAMs before compression, the levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin and cGMP in the serum were changed post decompression (P > 0.05). The levels of cAMP were significantly elevated post decompression (629.91 +/- 75.01) nmol/L vs (66.72 +/- 83.15) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The decompression schedule in this heliox saturation diving is safe, the decompression sickness pathology in this diving has not been induced. But the stress response of divers are enhanced by this great depth saturation diving.</p>

The research progress of diving medicine in China / 中国应用生理学杂志

Diving medicine is one of the branches of military medicine, and plays an important role in naval development. This review introduces the progress of researches on undersea and hyperbaric physiology and medicine in the past few years in China. The article describes our research achievement in conventional diving and its medical support, researches on saturation diving and its medical support, submarine escape and its medical support, effects of hyperbaric environments and fast buoyancy ascent on immunological and cardiological functions. Diving disorders (including decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity) are also introduced.