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Background@#and Purpose Recent studies suggested an increased incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the volume of CVT hospitalization and in-hospital mortality during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding year. @*Methods@#We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study of 171 stroke centers from 49 countries. We recorded COVID-19 admission volumes, CVT hospitalization, and CVT in-hospital mortality from January 1, 2019, to May 31, 2021. CVT diagnoses were identified by International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes or stroke databases. We additionally sought to compare the same metrics in the first 5 months of 2021 compared to the corresponding months in 2019 and 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04934020). @*Results@#There were 2,313 CVT admissions across the 1-year pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic year (2020); no differences in CVT volume or CVT mortality were observed. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT volumes compared to 2019 (27.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.2 to 32.0; P<0.0001) and 2020 (41.4%; 95% CI, 37.0 to 46.0; P<0.0001). A COVID-19 diagnosis was present in 7.6% (132/1,738) of CVT hospitalizations. CVT was present in 0.04% (103/292,080) of COVID-19 hospitalizations. During the first pandemic year, CVT mortality was higher in patients who were COVID positive compared to COVID negative patients (8/53 [15.0%] vs. 41/910 [4.5%], P=0.004). There was an increase in CVT mortality during the first 5 months of pandemic years 2020 and 2021 compared to the first 5 months of the pre-pandemic year 2019 (2019 vs. 2020: 2.26% vs. 4.74%, P=0.05; 2019 vs. 2021: 2.26% vs. 4.99%, P=0.03). In the first 5 months of 2021, there were 26 cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), resulting in six deaths. @*Conclusions@#During the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic, CVT hospitalization volume and CVT in-hospital mortality did not change compared to the prior year. COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with higher CVT in-hospital mortality. During the first 5 months of 2021, there was an increase in CVT hospitalization volume and increase in CVT-related mortality, partially attributable to VITT.
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O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência das restrições na lealdade dos espectadores de futebol. Foi aplicado um questionário a adeptos do Sport Lisboa e Benfica e através de uma análise fatorial exploratória identificaram-se 11 fatores. Uma análise de regressão linear permitiu identificar que 4 influenciam significativamente a lealdade dos adeptos. Os resultados dos testes ANOVA identificaram a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre restrições sentidas por sócios e não sócios, bem como entre espectadores com diferentes habilitações escolares. Quanto à lealdade, verificaram-se diferenças entre sócios e não sócios. As implicações dos resultados são discutidas e fornecem-se sugestões para futuras pesquisas.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of constraints on the soccer spectators' loyalty. An online survey was applied to Sport Lisboa e Benfica fans and through an exploratory factor analysis, 11 factors were identified. The results of a linear regression showed that 4 have significant influence in spectators' loyalty. The ANOVA results showed significant differences in the constraints felt by members and non-members, as well as among spectators with different academic degrees. As for loyalty, there are differences among members and non-members. Managerial implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la influencia de los constreñimientos en la lealtad de los espectadores del fútbol. Se ha aplicado un cuestionario a adeptos del Sport Lisboa e Benfica y a través de un análisis factorial exploratoria se identificaron 11 factores. Un análisis de regresión linear permitió identificar que 4 influencian significativamente la lealtad de los adeptos. Los resultados de ANOVA identificaron la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los constreñimientos sentidos por socios y non socios, bien como entre espectadores con diferentes habilitaciones escolares. Cuanto à la lealtad, se verificaron diferencias entre socios y non socios. Las implicaciones de los resultados son discutidas y se proveen sugestiones para futuras pesquisas.
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Introdução: O sarcoma de Ewing é um tipo de tumor que ocorre mais frequentemente nos ossos longos, podendo também estar presente na pelve, coluna e costelas. Admite-se que seja causado por uma anormalidade cromossômica, mais comumente entre os cromossomas 11 e 22. Desenvolve-se a partir de um tipo de célula nervosa primitiva, podendo também ocorrer nas partes moles. É neoplasia óssea de comportamento biológico bastante agressivo, que acomete principalmente indivíduos abaixo dos 30 anos de idade e predomina discretamente em indivíduos do sexo masculino. A causa é desconhecida e não parece ser hereditária. São tumores extremamente raros em negros e asiáticos e o relato na população indígena é desconhecido. Relato do caso: O material coletado na biópsia foi enviado para exame imunoistoquímico, tendo sido utilizados dez anticorpos: desmina, mioglobina, actina, CD99, CD45, citoqueratina AE1/AE3, vimentina, sinaptolisina Ab-1, enolase neuroespecífica e proteína p53. O diagnóstico anatomopatológico foi de sarcoma indiferenciado de células pequenas com expressão difusa de CD99 e enolase neuroespecífica. O perfil imunoistoquímico foi consistente com o diagnóstico de sarcoma de Ewing/Tumor Neuroectodérmico Primitivo Periférico. Realizou-se a extirpação do tumor e o paciente encontra-se em tratamento de quimioterapia. Discussão: São tumores localmente agressivos com prognóstico reservado, geralmente com resultado terapêutico pobre.
Introduction: Ewing's sarcoma is a type of tumor which occurs frequently in long bones and it is also present in pelvis, spinal cord and ribs. It is thought to be caused by a chromosomal abnormality commonly between chromosomes 11 and 22. It develops from a type of primitive nerve cell and it may also occur in soft tissues. It is a bone neoplasm which presents a very aggressive biologic profile; it affects mainly subjects younger than 30 years old and is slightly predominant in males. The cause is unknown and it does not seem to be hereditary. These tumors are extremely rare in blacks and Asians and the report in indigenous population is unknown. Case report: The material collected at biopsy was sent to immunohistochemical examination and we used ten antibodies: desmin, myoglobin, actin, CD99, CD45, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, sinaptolisina Ab-1, neuron specific enolase and protein p53. The anatomopathological diagnosis indicated undifferentiated sarcoma of small cells with diffuse expression of CD99 and neuron-specific enolase. The immunohistochemical profile was consistent with the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor. The tumor was removed and the patient was in chemotherapy treatment. Discussion: These tumors are locally aggressive with a reserved prognosis, usually with poor therapeutic outcome.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Neoplasias Ósseas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Sarcoma de Ewing/cirurgia , Sarcoma de Ewing/diagnóstico , SarcomaRESUMO
Como pratica de rotina, a necropsia pode desempenhar um papel importante como mecanismo de controle do exercicio medico e instrumento da administracao hospitalar e dos programas de saude publica. Alem disso, a necropsia e essencial nos campos do ensino medico e pesquisa cientifica
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Humanos , Autopsia , Patologia , EnsinoRESUMO
Säo revisados e discutidos aspectos fisiopatológicos, clínicos e terapêuticos relacionados aos comas