Use of cone-beam computed tomographyto demonstrate morphology of maxillary sinus and association of-maxillary sinus with maxillary posterior teeth / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the morphological variations of maxillary sinus and to provide anatomical basis for maxillary posterior teeth implantation and extraction usingcone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan-ning. Methods CBCT images from 403 patients were reviewed. The minimal distance from sinus floor to alveolar ridge wasmeasured and the number of patients with clinical features such as having sinus septum , mucosal thicken-ing and posterior teeth roots extend into maxillary sinus were counted. Results The mean value of the minimal dis-tance from maxillary sinus floor to alveolar ridge was about 8.3 mm, there was no significant statistical difference between sex, but there was a significant statisticalsignificant difference between the left sides and the right sides. Occurrences of sinus septum, mucosal thickening and roots into sinus were 98.6%, 31% (in which 56.3% of mu-cosal thickening were related to apical periodontitis) and 47%. there was no significantstatisticaldifference between the two sides in males females. Conclusions The morphological variations of maxillary sinus are significant. Chron-ic inflammation in maxillary sinuis is closely related to the position of maxillary posterior teeth roots and periapical lesions.

Progress in toxicology of heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

With the increasing trade of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the issue of excessive levels of toxic heavy metals metals in TCM has raised worldwide concerns. Some countries and re?gions have set strict limits on the heavy in TCM. There are currently no uniform limits on heavy metals, partly for lack of a good understanding of heavy metals in TCM. The toxicity of heavy metals varies with their chemical forms so that it is not rational to evaluate safety in terms of total contents. Cinnabar and realgar are widely used TCM containing heavy metals in clinical practice. Because of the potential toxicity of heavy metals such as mercury or arsenic,and the related adverse reactions reported occa?sionally,the safety of cinnabar,realgar and their preparations has also attracted public attention. In the present paper,the progress in toxicological studies on cinnabar,realgar as well as commonly used preparations was reviewed while priorities of future research were proposed.

Intranasal delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for brain injuries:how many questions to be verified? / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can promote repair of brain injuries in animals. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress in intranasal delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the brain. METHODS:A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed and Wanfang databases was performed to search papers published during January 1999 to January 2014 with the key words of“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, brain injury, transplantation”in English and Chinese. Thirty-eight papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Nowadays, many studies have been certified that the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly ameliorate the function of cranial nerve in animal models of brain injury. Many researchers have searched for the transplantation methods and approaches and have made progresses in many aspects. In this article, we compare the different transplantation ways of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the brain. We focus on the intranasal transplantation route in the fol owing aspects:processing of the nasal mucosa;delivery route to the brain;labeling and intracranial observation of stem cells;animal experiments. We conclude that the intranasal delivery of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the brain has a wide clinical application as a noninvasive transplantation.

Clinical characteristics and the incidence of extrahepatic autoimmune disease and malignant tumor in primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome / 中华消化杂志

Objective To analyze clinical pathologic characteristics of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome (PBC AIH OS),the incidence of extrahepatic autoimmune disease,malignant tumor and the abdominal lymph node enlargement.Methods From January 2000 to January 2012,the clinical data of 49 patients with PBC AIH OS were retrospectively analyzed,which included general information,clinical manifestations,biochemical parameters,immunological parameters,liver histopathological features,the incidence of extrahepatic autoimmune disease and malignant tumor,imaging findings and the efficacy.Results Among 49 PBC-AIH OS patients,the percentage of patients between 51 and 60 years old was 59.2％ (29/49),and the mean age of onset was (57.2±8.9) years old.Female was 83.7％ (41/49).The percentage of jaundice and pruritus in the main symptoms of initial visit was 42.9％ (21/49).The serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),γ-glutamyl transpeptadase (GGT) and total bilirubin (TBil) of 49 patients all increased.Among 31 patients who accepted IgA,IgG and IgM level test,the level of IgM increased in 58.1％ (18/31) of patients,and the level of IgG increased in 61.3％ (19/31) of patients.Ninety-eight percent of patients were antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive,6.1 ％ (3/49) were anti-smooth muscle antibody (SMA) positive,89.8％ (44/49) of patients were anti mitochondrial antibody (AMA) and or AMA-M2 positive.All patients had interface hepatitis.Forty-nine percent (24/49) of patients had both histological features of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliray cirrhosis (PBC).After being treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and immunosuppressant,the percentage of remission,incomplete response and failure was 65.3％ (32/49),26.5％ (13/49) and 8.2％ (4/49),respectively.After remission,five of six patients with medicine withdrawal relapsed.Among 49 patients,40.8％ (20/49) with extrahepatic autoimmune disease and the percentage of Sjogren's syndrome,autoimmune thyroid disease,interstitial pneumonia,systemic lupus erythematosus,psoriasis,sarcoidosis and membranous nephropathy was 16.3％ (8/49),12.2％ (6/49),4.1％ (2/49),2.0％ (1/49),2.0％ (1/49),2.0％ (1/49) and 2.0％ (1/49),respectively.Among 49 patients,14.3％ (7/49) with malignant tumor and the percentage of endometrial cancer,breast cancer,thyroid cancer and lymphoma was 4.1％ (2/49),4.1％ (2/49),4.1％ (2/49) and 2.0％ (1/ 49).Among 49 patients,abdominal ultrasound showed abnormality in 93.9％ (46/49) of patients.Abdominal lymph nodes enlargement was found in 91.8％ (45/49) of patients.Conclusions Autoimmune disease and malignant tumor should be screened when patients with PBC-AIH OS were assessed.Abdominal lymph nodes enlargement found by imaging examination may have guiding significance to the diagnosis.