Expression and Significance of BTLA and Its Ligand HVEM in Patients with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression and significance of B and T lymphocyte weakening factor (BTLA) in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).@*METHODS@#Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of BTLA and its ligand HVEM mRNA in 11 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and 11 normal donors. Flow cytometry was used to detect expression of BTLA and its HVEM on the cell surface of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and γδ T cells.@*RESULTS@#The median values of BTLA and its ligand HVEM mRNA expression in peripheral blood of patients with CMML were 0.009% and 559.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of normal controls (0.053% and 1031%)(P<0.001). The expression level of BTLA and HVEM on cell surface of peripheral lymphocytes was not significantly different from that in normal controls (P=0.3031 and 0.2576), however, the proportion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in patients with CMML (median: 37.73%) was significantly lower than that in controls (median 69.23%)(P=0.0005). The expression of BTLA on the surface of γδ T cells in peripheral blood of patients with CMML (median: 23.26%) was significantly lower than that of the controls (median: 52.64%) (P<0.05), and there was no significant abnormality in HVEM expression (P=0.2791).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of BTLA and its ligand HVEM, the proportion of T lymphocytes and the expression of BTLA on the surface of γδ T cells in patients with CMML are reduced. The effects of these abnormalities on T cell function and prognosis and efficacy of patients need to be further observed.

Correlation between quantitative perfusion histogram parameters of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI and tumor tis-sue microvessel density in patients with lung cancer / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between quantitative perfusion histogram parameters of DCE-MRI and tumor tissue microvessel density(MVD) in patients with lung cancer.Methods 30 patients with lung cancer confirmed by pathology who underwent preoperative DCE-MRI were enrolled in this retrospective study .Quantitative perfusion histogram pa-rameters( including median, mean, skewness, kurtosis, energy, entropy) were measured for each patient using Exchange mo-dle.Using the Immunohistochemical method to detect the expression of CD34 in tumor tissue, and counting the number of mi-crovessels under microscope.SPSS 19.0 was used to carry out statistical analysis.The correlation between MVD and quantita-tive perfusion histogram parameters of DCE-MRI measured by exchange model was evaluated by Pearson linear correlation anal-ysis.Results There was no significant difference in MVD and each quantitative perfusion histogram parameters between the three different pathological groups of lung cancer(P >0.05).Ktrans perfusion histogram parameters(mean, 25％, 50％, 50％, 75％, 90％, 95％), Kep perfusion histogram parameters(entropy, 10％, 25％, 50％, 75％, 90％), Fp perfusion histogram parameters( mean, 25％, 50％, 75％, 90％, 95％) and Vp perfusion histograms parameters ( entropy, 75％, 90％, 95％ ) were positively correlated with MVD(P<0.05).Ktrans perfusion histogram parameters(energy) and Vp perfu-sion histogram parameters(skewness, kurtosis, energy) were negatively correlated with MVD(P<0.05).There was no signifi-cant correlation between Ve perfusion histogram parameters and MVD(P>0.05).Conclusion There was a certain correla-tion between the perfusion histogram parameters of DCE-MRI and MVD,suggesting that the quantitative perfusion histogram of DCE-MRI in lung cancer can reflect the MVD value of cancer tissue .

Changes of WT1 mRNA expression level in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes after hypomethylating agents and its prognostic significance / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To monitor the WT1 mRNA level and its dynamic changes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after hypomethylating agents (HMA) , as well as to assess the significance of WT1 mRNA levels and its dynamic changes in evaluating the efficacy of HMA and distinguishing the disease status of heterogeneous patients with stable disease (SD) . Methods: Bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of 56 patients with MDS who underwent hypomethylating agents (≥4 cycles) from November 2009 to March 2018 were tested by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the expression of WT1 mRNA, and to observe the correlation between the dynamic changes of WT1 mRNA expression and clinical efficacy and prognosis of patients. Results: WT1 mRNA expression levels of MDS patients decreased significantly after 3 cycles of hypomethylating agent treatment. Besides, the WT1 mRNA expression levels of patients increased significantly after diseases progression. According to the dynamic changes of WT1 mRNA expression levels during SD, 45 cases could be further divided into increased group and non-increased group. In those SD patients with increased WT1 mRNA expression level, the ratio of suffering disease progression or transformation to AML was 95.65% (22/23) , whereas the ratio turned to be 9.09% (2/22) for the non-increased group (χ(2)=33.852, P<0.001) . Compared with those SD patients reporting no increase in WT1 mRNA expression level, the overall survival[17 (95%CI 11-23) months vs not reached, P<0.001] and progression-free survival [13 (95%CI 8-18) months vs not reached, P<0.001] of those SD patients reporting increase in WT1 mRNA expression level were significantly shorter. Conclusion: WT1 mRNA expression level is a useful indicator to assess the efficacy of hypomethylating agents in MDS patients. Especially in patients with SD, detection of the changes in WT1 mRNA expression level is able to predict disease progression and help to make clinical decision.

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium combined with hyaluronic acid for mouse skin repair / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can effectively promote tissue repair by secreting various bioactive factors. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of umbilical cord cord mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media (UCMSCs-CM) combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) on the repair of skin wounds in mice. METHODS: The UCMSCs-CM was collected, and added with HA to prepare the gel solution. Forty mice were selected to prepare animal models of full-thickness skin wound. According to different treatments, the mice were randomly divided into four groups, blank control group (0.5 mL of normal saline), UCMSCs-CM group (0.5 mL of UCMSCs-CM), HA group (0.5 mL of HA), UCMSCs-CM+HA group (0.5 mL of UCMSCs-CM+0.5 mL of HA). Each mouse received three treatments a day (in the morning, at noon and at night), for continuous 7 days. The wound size was measured and the wound healing rate was calculated. The factors related to skin repair were detected by immunohistochemstry and qRT-PCR methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment, the wound size was reduced to different extents in the treatment groups as compared with the blank control group. The UCMSCs-CM combined with HA significantly improved the wound healing rate as compared with the other groups (P < 0.01). Strongly positive expression of the factors related in skin injury, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 protein, were found in the UCMSCs-CM+HA group; moreover, the mRNA levels of basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor β and matrix metalloproteinase 9 protein were significantly higher in the UCMSCs-CM+HA group than the blank control group (P < 0.01). To conclude, UCMSCs-CM combined with HA can accelerate skin wound repair in mice, and exhibit better effects than the UCMSCs-CM or HA alone, which provides theoretical support for stem cells combined with biological scaffolds in skin wound repair.

Effectiveness of CLAT Protocol for Treating Patients with Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical efficacy and toxicity of CLAT protocol (cladribine, cytarabine and topotecan) for treating patients with refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R-AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 18 patients with R-AML (median age 37 years, range 18 to 58 years; male n = 16, female n = 2) were treated with CLAT protocol, which consisted of cladribine 5 mg/m(2)/d, i.v. on days 1-5, cytarabine 1.5 g/m(2)/d, i.v. on days 1-5, topotecan 1.25 mg/m(2)/d, i.v. on days 1-5 and G-CSF 300 µg/d subcutaneous injection on day 6 until neutrophile granulocyte recovery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of 18 patients 2 died of severe infection before the assessment. Among 16 evaluated patients, 10 (55.6%) achieved complete remission (CR), and 2 (11.1%) achieved partial remission (PR), the overall response rate was 66.7%, the rest 4 patients did not respond (NR). The median overall survival time and DFS for the CR patients was 9.5 months (95%CI: 6.7-16.64) and 9.5 months (95%CI: 6.1-16.7) respectively. The 1 year OS and DFS rates were 45% and 46.9%, respectively. All patients developed grade 4 of granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, the median duration was 13 (range 2 to 21) days and 12 days (range 2 to 21), respectively, all patients developed infection, 2 patients died of severe infection. The most common non-hematological side effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, aminotransferase or bilirubin elevation and were grade 1 to 2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CLAT protocol seems to have promising for the treatment of refractory AML patients, and patients well tolerated. This CLAT protocol offers an alternative treatment for R-AML patients who received severe intensive treatment, especially with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.</p>

Cause analysis on blindness and low vision of type 2 diabetes in Yangxin county, Hubei / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision of type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) in Yangxin county, Hubei province. METHODS: A total of 8 316 permanent residents, to carry out epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision. Carolina First T2DM patients were in the observation group, the other subjects admitted to the control group. Prevalence and etiology of blind and low vision were compared. Then the data only in the observation group were analyzed. RESULTS: The rate of blindness and low vision appeared significantly higher, cataracts and retinopathy appeared significantly higher. With the increases of age, prevalence of blindness and low vision appeared significantly increased in the observation group. The rate of low vision was higher in women. Blind and low vision appeared significantly higher in junior high school educations. The above analysis was statistically significant (P CONCLUSION: The prevalence of blindness and low vision of T2DM patients in our region were significantly higher than the unconsolidated. Blind and low vision in T2DM patients has a certain relationship with age, sex, education.

Cerebral lesions of DWI hyperintensity in patients with subacute stroke assessed by intravoxel incoherent motion technique / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cerebral lesions of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensity in patients with subacute stroke with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 20 patients with ischemic stroke (3 to 7 d after onset) who underwent DWI and IVIM scanning between June 2014 and July 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. The parameters from IVIM including slow diffusion coefficient (D), fast diffusion coefficient (D(*)) and perfusion fraction (f) were processed. DWI hyperintensity was segmented by its signal intensity greater than the mean+2 standard deviations of the value in the homologous contralateral region. Then, DWI hyperintensity was classified into two regions of interest (ROIs): infarction core and peri-core with the ADC threshold of 0.55 × 10⁻³ mm²/s. The mirrored ROIs of infarction core and peri-core were also obtained. Then, we measured the values of ADC and D, D(*) and f in these ROIs. The ratios of ADC (rADC), D (rD), D(*) (rD(*)) and f (rf) were also calculated (e.g., rADC=ADCinfarction core/ADCmirrored region).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with mirrored region, ADC, D and f in the infarction core region decreased by 45% (P<0.001), 42% (P<0.001) and 32% (P<0.001), respectively; while ADC, D and f in the peri-core region decreased by 22% (P<0.001), 32% (P<0.001) and 8% (P=0.009), respectively. The values of rADC, rD, rD(*) and rf in the infarction core region were significantly lower than those in the peri-core region (all P<0.001). Pearson analysis showed that rADC was positively correlated with rf in the peri-core region (r=0.467, P=0.038).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>During subacute stage of stroke, compared to the infarction core region within DWI hyperintensity, D and f increase in the peri-core region of DWI hyperintensity, reflecting the increased water diffusion in microstructure and perfusion volume in microvasculature. This result shows that the potential reason for the heterogeneous ADC signal is associated with the disappearance of cellular edema and microvascular compensatory with increased blood volume.</p>

Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome Caused by Herbal Medicine: CT and MRI Features

OBJECTIVE: To describe the CT and MRI features of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) caused by herbal medicine Gynura segetum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT and MRI features of 16 consecutive Gynura segetum induced HSOS cases (12 men, 4 women) were analyzed. Eight patients had CT; three patients had MRI, and the remaining five patients had both CT and MRI examinations. Based on their clinical presentations and outcomes, the patients were classified into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe. The severity of the disease was also evaluated radiologically based on the abnormal hepatic patchy enhancement in post-contrast CT or MRI images. RESULTS: Ascites, patchy liver enhancement, and main right hepatic vein narrowing or occlusion were present in all 16 cases. Hepatomegaly and gallbladder wall thickening were present in 14 cases (87.5%, 14/16). Periportal high intensity on T2-weighted images was present in 6 cases (75%, 6/8). Normal liver parenchymal enhancement surrounding the main hepatic vein forming a clover-like sign was observed in 4 cases (25%, 4/16). The extent of patchy liver enhancement was statistically associated with clinical severity classification (kappa = 0.565). CONCLUSION: Ascites, patchy liver enhancement, and the main hepatic veins narrowing were the most frequent signs of herbal medicine induced HSOS. The grade of abnormal patchy liver enhancement was associated with the clinical severity.

Research on large medical equipment maintenance and repair / 中国医学装备

Objective: To investigate the large-scale medical equipment daily maintenance and repair, prolong the service life of equipment, instruments, improve the comprehensive benefits of hospital. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the current large-scale medical equipment maintenance and repair method, maintenance and repair in the running of the machine, improve the supervision and management mechanism, strengthen the equipment in use and repair personnel in their daily training and incentive measures, enhance the preventive maintenance of equipment, reduce equipment failures. Results:Through the analysis to find out the feasible repair measures, extending the service life of equipment, reduce hospital investment costs, increase economic and social benefit of hospitals. Conclusion:Rational use of large-scale medical equipment, improving the economic benefit and social benefit.

Intravitreal lucentis injection combined with macular grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effect of intravitreal lucentis injection combined with macular grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods 42 DME patients(42 eyes) according to different treatment methods,were divided into the combined group 21cases(21 eyes) and photocoagulation group 21 cases (21 eyes).The combined group was treated with connaught suitable for intravitreal injection combined macular grid photocoagulation , and the photocoagulation group was treated with simple macular grid photocoagulation .After 1 weeks,2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks and best corrected visual acuity before treatment (BCVA) and macular foveal thickness ( CMT) changes were comparative analyzed between the two groups .Results The BCVA values of the photocoagulation group before surgery ,1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks,were (0.74 ±0.24), (0.56 ±0.22),(0.52 ±0.23),(0.51 ±0.21),(0.51 ±0.20),(0.53 ±0.21),and CMT values were (440.36 ±50.56)μm,(376.06 ±28.60)μm,(365.45 ±30.02)μm,(361.38 ±29.56)μm,(358.68 ±30.46)μm,(360.43 ±29.36)μm;The BCVA values of the combined with preoperative group before surgery ,1 week, 2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks,were (0.70 ±0.23),(0.55 ±0.19),(0.52 ±0.18),(0.50 ±0.20), (0.48 ±0.19),(0.47 ±0.20),and CMT values were (442.32 ±54.35)μm,(385.14 ±27.34)μm,(345.32 ± 28.12)μm,(336.24 ±28.17)μm,(326.45 ±27.65)μm,(315.36 ±28.23)μm.The differences of BCVA and CMT values of the two groups in each time period values before and after treatment were statistically significant ( all P<0.05),and after 8 weeks,12 weeks,the differences of BCVA and CMT values between the two groups were statisti-cally significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion The macular grid photocoagulation only or lucentis injection combined with macular grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular could increase BCVA and reduce macular edema instinctively , but the difference was not significant .Combined therapy could preserve the visual acuity and delay time to relapse .

Magnetic resonance signal detection of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and its biological effects on endothelial cells / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the magnetic resonance (MR) signal changes of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and its biological effects on endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The citric-acid coated SPIO was synthesized by co-precipitation method. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with SPIO for 24 h in culture medium at iron concentration of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 mg/ml (experimental groups), and the cells incubated without SPIO served as control groups. The uptake efficiency of intracellular iron was measured by Prussian blue staining, and the cell viability was monitored by Calcein-AM method. The cell cytoskeleton (F-actin and tubulin), adherence and migration capacity were measured by immunofluorescence staining. The iron oxide nanoparticles distribution and the cellular organelle change were monitored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Quantification of particle uptake was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The MR signal of endothelial cells after labeling was monitored by Philips 3.0 T MR scanner.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SPIO was uptaken by HUVECs in a concentration-dependence manner. Compared with the control group, cell viability was decreased along with the increase of iron concentration. Compared with the control group, the cell cytoskeleton was markedly disorganized and the FAK spot was bigger and sparser.The nanoparticles were mainly existed in lysosomes, and the higher concentration of SPIO, the more lysosomes and vacuoles presented in the cells. The iron content per cell was (55.86 +/-9.935) pg when the SPIO concentration was 0.15 mg/ml. The MR image showed that the cells labeled with SPIO resulted in the decrease of MR signal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cells labeled with SPIO can be detected by MR. The cell viability, cytoskeleton, adherence and migration capacity of HUVECs are affected by citric-acid coated SPIO in a concentration-dependent manner.</p>

Magnetic resonance signal features of superparamagnetic iron oxide with different particle size and concentration / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the magnetic resonance (MR) signal features of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) with different particle size and concentration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The superparamagnetic iron oxide with different concentration and particle size was scanned by magnetic resonance; T1, T2 and T2(*) values of each group were recorded to evaluate the features of MR signals.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The T1 value of SPIO with different particle size had negative linear relationship with concentration. In low concentration the T2 and T2(*) values were elevated markedly with the particle size decreased; while in high concentration the T2 and T2(*)values were elevated gently with particle size decreased. lg(T2), particle size and concentration of SPIO had linear relationship.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SPIO affects magnetic resonance signal mainly with effect on T1 and T2. T2 value can be regarded as the major detection index in the magnetic resonance scan of SPIO. There is a linear relationship among particle size, SPIO concentration and lg(T2) value.</p>

MRI scan of striatum volume in healthy adults / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the age, sex, and hemispheric differences in volume of the striatum by MRI in healthy adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The volumes of the bilateral caudate nucleus and putamen were measured on MR images in 100 healthy right-handed adults (18-70 y).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The volume of bilateral caudate nucleus and putamen in healthy adults was (8.42 +/-0.88) cm(3) and (8.90 +/-0.89) cm(3), which were decreased with aging (for caudate nucleus r=-0.727, P<0.001; for putamen r=-0.709, P<0.001). The average annual shrinkage rate was 0.52 % in the caudate nucleus and 0.50 % in the putamen. There were no gender differences in the volume of the striatum, however, the age-related shrinkage of the striatum was more evident in men than that in women. The volume of the left caudate nucleus (t=4.43, P<0.001) and the putamen (t=4.88, P<0.001) was greater than that of its right counterpart.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bilateral age-related shrinkage of the striatum is found in healthy adults, which is more evident in men than that in women. In both sexes, significant leftward asymmetry in volume of the caudate nucleus and the putamen is found.</p>

Role of activated brain regions during tactile stimulation in early Parkinson's disease: a preliminary fMRI study / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of activated brain regions in Parkinson's disease (PD) during tactile stimulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one patients with early PD[mean age (60.43 +/-9.65)y] and twenty-two age-matched healthy controls [mean age (59.23 +/-11.12)y] were enrolled in the study. All the patients were tested by the United Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) as the evaluation of the disease severity. A block design was used when the finger tactile stimulation was given to the subjects. The hypoactive and hyperactive regions of PD patients were confirmed first, which were identified as regions of interest (ROI). ROI analysis was performed to quantify BOLD signal changes when subjects were under tactile stimulation. The correlations of signal changes with disease severity, and correlations of hyperactive with hypoactive regions were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Right primary sensory and motor cortex, right supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral caudates, bilateral precuneus, bilateral occipital visual cortex and left middle temporal gyrus were hypoactivated in PD, while right prefrontal cortex (PFC) and right caudate were hyperactivated. The hypoactivation of right SMA was negatively correlated with disease severity. All the hypoactive and hyperactive regions were positively correlated with activation of caudates. There was a positive correlation between hyperactive PFC and hypoactive regions.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The signal change of SMA is directly related to disease severity in early PD, and caudates may play a significant role in PD tactile processing. The hyperactivation of PFC may be not a compensation but a pathophysiological change related to PD neural dysfunction.</p>

Biochemical metabolic changes detected by phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy in liver of fasting rabbits / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the biochemical metabolic changes detected by phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy ((31)P MRS) with pathologic changes in the liver of fasting rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 22 rabbits were under the starvation up to death to establish animal models. Hepatic (31)P MRS was performed in different period of 10 rabbits including normal condition, over-starvation, agonal condition and death after 30 min. Other 9 rabbits were divided into three type including over-starvation, agonal condition and death group with 3 rabbits in each group, and 3 healthy rabbits served as controls. All the 12 rabbits were sacrificed for the hepatic pathological examination. The MR examination was performed on a 1.5 T imager using a 1H/31P surface coil by the 2D chemical shift imaging technique. The relative quantities of phosphomonoesters (PME), phosphodiesters (PDE), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the relative quantification of phosphorus metabolites were changed significantly from starvation to death (X(2)=23.13-35.41, P<0.01). The relative quantifications of ATP of normal condition, over-starvation, agonal condition and death were 2.54 +/-0.53, 1.73 +/-0.14, 0.88 +/-0.23 and 0.05 +/-0.08, respectively (rs=1.0, P<0.01). The relative quantifications of PDE from normal to death were 1.25 +/-0.54, 2.76 +/-0.23, 3.33 +/-0.49 and 3.87 +/-0.43, respectively, and those of Pi were 0.42 +/-0.02, 0.65 +/-0.05, 0.89 +/-0.15 and 0.99 +/-0.08, respectively (rs=1.0, P <0.01). The relative quantifications of PME were also significantly changed (rs=0.4, P=0.6). The pathologic changes of normal condition, over-starvation, agonal condition and death: decreased size of hepatocytes, loss of cell number, cellular swelling, degeneration and cell necrosis or hepatic hemorrhage became more and more pronounced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(31)P MRS can monitor dynamic changes of relative quantification of phosphorus metabolites, which are correlated with the pathological severity of acute hepatic injury by fasting.</p>

Evaluation of biochemical metabolites by 31P MR spectroscopy in leukemic infiltration of liver / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the changes of phosphorus metabolites in leukemic infiltration of liver (LIL) with two-dimensional chemical shift imaging(2D CSI)(31)phosphorus MR spectroscopy ((31)P MRS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen patients with LIL and 12 healthy subjects (control group) were scanned with liver 2D CSI(31)P MRS by a 1.5T MR Scanner(Sonata, Siemens Corporation). Relative quantification of phosphorus metabolites including phosphomonoesters (PME), inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphodiesters (PDE) and beta-adenosine- triphosphate (beta-ATP) were detected and after calibrated with model factor, the ratios of PME/PDE, PME/(PME+PDE), PME/ATP, PDE/ATP and Pi/ATP were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with control group, the PME value, PME/PDE ratio, PME/(PME+PDE) ratio and PME/ATP ratio were increased in LIL group (1.992 +/-0.876 Compared with 1.167 +/-0.427, P <0.05), (0.551 +/-0.339 Compared with 0.254 +/-0.059,P <0.01), (0.326 +/-0.13 Compared with 0.199 +/-0.049, P <0.01)and (1.402 +/-0.654 Compared with 0.792 +/-0.232, P <0.01) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(31)P MRS examination can be used as a non-invasive procedure to evaluate the changes of phosphorus metabolites of leukemic infiltration of liver. The increase of PME value and its ratios to PDE, ATP and PME+PDE may indicate leukemic infiltration of liver.</p>

Evaluation of kidney oxygen bioavailability in acute renal failure by blood oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the kidney oxygen bioavailability in acute renal failure using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one patients with acute renal failure, including 18 patients with oliguric renal failure, 1 nonoliguric acute renal failure and 2 functional renal failure were enrolled in the study; 20 healthy subjects served as controls. All subjects received renal functional MR examination. BOLD MR imaging with 16 gradient-recalled-echoes on a 1.5-T scanner were performed. R2(*)(1/sec) values of the cortex and medulla and R2(*) ratio of the medulla to cortex (R2(*) ratio of M/C) of the renal were recorded respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The R2(*) values of the medulla was higher than those of the cortex in controls (17.64 +/-1.86/sec vs 13.73 +/-0.49/sec, P<0.00). The R2(*) ratio of M/C in controls was 1.28 +/-0.06. The R2(*) values of the medulla (13.31 +/-4.28/sec) and cortex (12.25 +/-2.41/sec) and the R2(* ) ratio of M/C (1.01 +/-0.25) in oliguric renal failure were lower than those in controls (P <0.05). Patients with functional renal failure and nonoliguric acute renal failure had higher R2(*) values in cortex and medulla and higher R2(*) ratio of M/C than those of controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BOLD MRI demonstrates that decreased R2(*) values of cortex and medulla suggest lower oxygen bioavailability in acute renal failure and decreased R2(*)ratio of M/C suggests the disappearance of a steep cortico-medullary gradient of oxygen.</p>

Value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in diagnosis of acute rejection after renal transplantation / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility of MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in diagnosis of acute rejection after renal transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-nine patients who underwent renal transplantation were enrolled in the study. According to the clinical features and renal biopsy, 26 patients were designated in rejection group and 43 in non-rejection group. Patients in non-rejection group underwent MR DWI scan at 2 to 3 weeks after operation, and those in rejection group underwent scan at 5 d before or after renal biopsy. Then the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of transplanted kidneys were measured with high diffusion sensitivity gradient factors (b values).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients with acute rejection had significantly lower ADC (P <0.04) than non-rejection patients with all the different b values (b=200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000 s/mm(2)). The ROC curves showed that sensitivity and specificity were best when b value was 800 s/mm(2).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DWI is a potential and reliable non-invasive method for the diagnosis of the acute rejection after renal transplantation.</p>

Functional MR study of hepatic fibrosis / 浙江大学学报·医学版

The accurate diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis is crucial for treatment and prognosis of liver disease. The current gold standard is liver biopsy, but it cannot be used in population-based screening, and has well known drawbacks if used for monitoring of disease progression or treatment results. Functional MR, as a non-invasive method, is increasingly used in hepatic fibrosis and became the current hot spot. Most recently available functional MR imaging techniques including diffusion weighted imaging, perfusion weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy can detect cirrhosis or fibrosis reasonably accurately. However, to date only MR elastography has been able to stage fibrosis or diagnose mild disease. MR diffusion weighted appears next most promising.

Effect of surface modification of biomaterials on cell adhesion / 国际生物医学工程杂志

In the span of the interactions between cells and biomaterials, cell adhesion is the first biological behavior which has important effects on the following biological behaviors including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. So how to improve cell adhesion of biomaterials has become an important subject of tissue engi- neering. One of the popular methods is the surface modification of biomaterials. This article reviews the development of the research on the surface modification of biomaterials for improving cell adhesion.