A Yellowish Granular Lesion in the Esophagus

No abstract available.

Association of SCORAD Index and Aeroallergen Sensitization on Urinary Leukotriene E4 in Children with Atopic Dermatitis / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

PURPOSE: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a genetically determined, chronic relapsing skin disease. The pathogenesis of AD is complex and the course is unpredictable. Atopy is an important risk factor for the development of AD. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) were implicated in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, and are being targeted for their diagnosis and treatments. Early detection of tissue inflammation of target organ is important to enable early prevention and management of allergic diseases. The aim of our study is to evaluate the differences in urinary leukotrienes E4 (LTE4) levels, according to AD symptom score and aeroallergen sensitization in children with AD by using noninvasive techniques. METHODS: We recruited 46 children with AD, using predetermined criteria. Clinical features of AD were evaluated by a physician, using scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Aeroallergen sensitization was measured by using a skin prick test and UniCap. Urine samples were also collected on day of the 1st and 2nd visits, and were analyzed for LTE4 with an enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. RESULTS: SCORAD indeces of children with AD were correlated with urinary LTE4 levels. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil counts also had significant correlation with urinary LTE4 levels. Especially, aeroallergen sensitization of atopic AD significantly correlated with urinary LTE4 of these patients. CONCLUSION: Urinary LTE4 levels significantly correlated with serum total IgE and number of sensitized aeroallergen in children with AD. Clinical features of AD evaluated with SCORAD index related with urinary LTE4 level. Urinary LTE4 might be a valuable, noninvasive marker for different pathogenesis of AD.

Nonpharmacologic Pain Relief with Oral 25% Dextrose or/and Pacifier for Newborn Infants

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral 25% dextrose treatment or/and pacifier for analgesia in healthy newborns during intramuscular injection of a hepatitis B vaccine. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, partially blinded, clinical trial was performed in 132 healthy newborns. They were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups: control group (2 mL distilled water), dextrose group (2 mL 25% dextrose), pacifier group, dextrose+ pacifier group (pacifier coating with 25% dextrose) during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine. For all groups, Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS), Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores were evaluated before the injection, during the injection, and at 2 minutes after the injection. Pain scores were compared among the 4 groups. RESULTS: Maternal and neonatal characteristics were similar among the 4 groups. 25% dextrose treatment led to lower NIPS pain scores during injection (6.4+/-0.9 vs. 5.5+/-1.7, P=0.01) and after injection (1.6+/-2.0 vs. 0.6+/-0.9, P=0.01) and NFCS pain scores after injection (1.5+/-2.3 vs. 0.7+/-0.8, P=0.04) than control group. The number of neonates who feel the pain (indication of scores: NIPS> or =4, NFCS> or =3) decreased (9 (23.1%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.04 via NIPS, 7 (17.9%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.02 via NFCS). However, all treatment groups did not decreased PIPP scores, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Oral 25% dextrose is effective than distilled water or using pacifier with or without 25% dextrose in reducing pain during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccinations. Further study based on this preliminary study need about nonpharmacologic management of pain in newborns.

The S100B Protein Could Be Used as Adjuvant Diagnostic Tool in Acute Ischemic Stroke / 대한구급학회지

BACKGROUND: In the emergency department, the diagnosis of ischemic stroke is difficult because the diagnostic modalities are limited to non-contrast brain CT and neurologic examination. Serum S100B protein, a bio-marker for ischemic stroke, is needed as an additional diagnostic aid in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 50 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke between August 2007 and December 2008 by brain MRI after brain CT and serum S100B measurement in the emergency department. The serum levels of S100B protein were analyzed and the diagnostic sensitivity of non-contrast brain CT combined with abnormal elevation of S100B protein was compared with that of non-contrast brain CT alone. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of non-contrast brain CT in the diagnosis of ischemia was 54%. S100B protein in early ischemia had a sensitivity of 58%. However, combining non-contrast brain CT and S100B increased the sensitivity to 74%. CONCLUSIONS: A biomarker-based diagnostic test would not replace the necessity for CT or other early imaging studies, and before contemplating any reperfusion strategy, neuro-imaging must be performed to rule out intracranial hemorrhage. However, S100B protein, a serum bio-marker, is able to help emergency physicians evaluate patients with suspected ischemic stroke and decide on treatment.

Anaphylactic Reaction Associated with Ranitidine Administration: 2 Case Reports

Ranitidine is a widely used histamine-2-receptor antagonist and it is usually well tolerated by patients with an excellent safety record. Anaphylactic reaction to ranitidine is rare event. We report here on 2 cases with anaphylactic reaction after the intravenous administration of ranitidine in an emergency medical center. Awareness of this rare, but life threatening adverse reaction to a commonly used ranitidine can help physicians avoid being caught unaware when they experience this medical situation. Although the incidences of anaphylactic reactions induced by these drugs are low, clinicians should be aware of this possibility of life threatening risk of anaphylactic reaction when administering ranitidine. Furthermore, the possibility of cross reactivity between drugs in the same antihistamine group should be considered. (ED note: please check the part in the yellow.)

A Case of Tuberous Sclerosis with Hemimegalencephaly / 대한소아신경학회지

Hemimegalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis complex are distinct and rare conditions which are characterized by malformations of cortical developments. Hemimegalencephaly is a cerebral malformation of unknown pathophysiology characterized by asymmetry of the hemispheres and cortical dysplasia. Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the formation of hamartomatous lesion in multiple organ systems. While they are currently thought to be unrelated, there are similar cases in the literature and it is conceivable that an abnormality in early cortical development could lead to both conditions in an individual. We report here a first Korean case of unusual association of hemimegalencephaly and tuberous sclerosis complex with mutation in the TSC2 gene, who presented initially frequent partial seizures and infantile spasms.

Exposure to blood and body fluids for medical students during clerkship / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Medical students face the threat of acquiring blood-borne infections such as HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C during their clinical activities in clerkship. This study determined the frequency of exposure and the risks of exposure to blood and body fluids among medical students. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was administrated to the 4th year medical students in a tertiary academy university hospital. RESULTS: The surveys were completed by 124 students (100% of the students). Seventy-one percent (88 cases) reported more than one time of exposure to blood or body fluids during the consecutive 2 years of clinical rotation. Single needle stick injury occurred for 19.3% of the students, both exposure to needle stick and splash occurred for 40.9% and single splash occurred for 39.8% of the 88 cases. Venipucture was the highest exposure event (50%), and the other causes were scrub (35.2%), bedside procedures (35.2%), arterial puncture (22.7%), lancet (13.6%), suture (5.7%) and others (8%). The emergency department had the highest exposures rate (80.7%), and this was followed by general surgery (33%), neurosurgery (8%), orthopedic surgery (8%), plastic surgery (6.8%), obstetrics-gynecology (5.7%) and others (10.1%). The major exposure sites in the hospital were the emergency room (81.8%), operation room (38.6%), intensive care unit (8%), general ward (6.8%) and others (2.3%). Only nineteen cases (21.6%) of hospital exposure were reported to the appropriate medical personnel. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows medical students have the potential risk of health care related infection when they are exposed to many patients in the emergency department without a supervisor being present. To avoid the occurrence of these problems, preventive education, and particularly the practice of universal precaution, should be taken by the medical students before beginning their clinical activity.

Candida guilliermondii Endophthalmitis in a Patient with Mixed Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Stomach Adenocarcinoma / 감염과화학요법

Candida is the most common etiologic agent causing endogenous endophthalmitis resulting due to hematogenous spread from a remote primary focus. Risk factors for the infection include intravenous drug use, hyperalimentation, surgery, malignancy, diabetes, neutropenia, and the use of broad- spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents, especially corticosteroids. The outcome of candida endophthalmitis is disappointing. One main problem in the management of this infection is that early diagnosis is difficult. Thus, treatment may be delayed and this which often leads to a poor outcome. Candida endophthalmitis, particularly candida guilliermondii endophthalmitis, is extremely rare, although it is becoming more common as the number of chronically debilitated patients and the use of invasive procedures increase. It is an ophthalmologic emergency and commonly takes a tragic course. Therefore, early suspicion and aggressive management are imperative to prevent visual loss. The authors report a case of candida endophthalmitis caused by Candida guilliermondii in a 65-year-old man with mixed gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) and stomach adenocarcinoma.

Candida guilliermondii Endophthalmitis in a Patient with Mixed Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Stomach Adenocarcinoma / 감염과화학요법

Candida is the most common etiologic agent causing endogenous endophthalmitis resulting due to hematogenous spread from a remote primary focus. Risk factors for the infection include intravenous drug use, hyperalimentation, surgery, malignancy, diabetes, neutropenia, and the use of broad- spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents, especially corticosteroids. The outcome of candida endophthalmitis is disappointing. One main problem in the management of this infection is that early diagnosis is difficult. Thus, treatment may be delayed and this which often leads to a poor outcome. Candida endophthalmitis, particularly candida guilliermondii endophthalmitis, is extremely rare, although it is becoming more common as the number of chronically debilitated patients and the use of invasive procedures increase. It is an ophthalmologic emergency and commonly takes a tragic course. Therefore, early suspicion and aggressive management are imperative to prevent visual loss. The authors report a case of candida endophthalmitis caused by Candida guilliermondii in a 65-year-old man with mixed gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) and stomach adenocarcinoma.

A Case of Hodgkin's Disease Involved in the Stomach and Terminal Ileum / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Cases with extranodal Hodgkin's disease located in sites outside those defined as lymphatic structure are quite rare. The exact incidence of this localized form of Hodgkin's disease is unknown, but it is estimated to be only 0.25% for overall incidence of Hodgkin's disease. Localized primary extranodal Hodgkin's disease seems to have an excellent prognosis in some cases including skin, tongue, lung, stomach, small bowel, and thyroid. We report a case of primary gastrointestinal Hodgkin's disease involved in the stomach and terminal ileum in 48-year-old man with 7 kg of weight loss for 3 months, fever with chills for 1 week, and intermittent epigastric pain for 1 year. The histologic type of this case was lymphocyte predominance, which was diagnosed by biopsy of the stomach and terminal ileum with immnophenotyping study. And the stage of this case was IIE. We tried combination chemotherapy with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastin, and dacabazine with excellent response. For its rarity, we report this case with review of literatures.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of nm23 Protein in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

The nm23 gene was originally identified from murine melanoma cell lines of varying metastatic potential. A strong association has been observed between reduced expression of nm23 gene and acquisition of metastatic behavior in some tumor cells including breast cancer and melanoma, but not in others such as colon cancer, neuroblastoma, and cervical cancer. It was proposed that nm23 may function as a suppressor gene for tumor metastasis. It has recently been found that the sequence of nm23 and NDP-kinase(NDP-K) was identical. Mortality associated with human breast carcinoma is almost entirely due to subsequent metastasis, but the molecular basis of this metastasis is not understood. Elucidation of the genetic control of metastatic propensity of a tumor is important in determining prognosis and choice of therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of nm23 protein expression with axillary lymph node metastasis and other prognostic factors. Using an immunohistochemical technique and employing a polyclonal antibody to nm23 protein, we have determined nm23 expression in a series of 72 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. Immunostaining for the nm23 gene product have heterogenous cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in 61 patients(84.7%). Sections were scored according to relative abundance(1 = less than 25% of the cells, 2 = 26-75%, 3 = 76-100%). In 61 patients with positive immunostaining, the staining was scored as 1 in 41.6%, 2 in 18.0%, and 3 in 40.2%. The staining of tumor cells was greater than that in normal epithelial cells and stromal cells. No relationship was found between nm23 expression and lymph node metastasis, histologic grade, tumor size, estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors. Therefore, nm23 protein is increased in neoplastic tissues but no correlation with metastatic potential could be demonstrated. The biological mechanism of over-expression of nm23 in malignant cells and its role in tumor progression remain to be determined.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of nm23 Protein in Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

The nm23 gene was originally identified from murine melanoma cell lines of varying metastatic potential. A strong association has been observed between reduced expression of nm23 gene and acquisition of metastatic behavior in some tumor cells including breast cancer and melanoma, but not in others such as colon cancer, neuroblastoma, and cervical cancer. It was proposed that nm23 may function as a suppressor gene for tumor metastasis. It has recently been found that the sequence of nm23 and NDP-kinase(NDP-K) was identical. Mortality associated with human breast carcinoma is almost entirely due to subsequent metastasis, but the molecular basis of this metastasis is not understood. Elucidation of the genetic control of metastatic propensity of a tumor is important in determining prognosis and choice of therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of nm23 protein expression with axillary lymph node metastasis and other prognostic factors. Using an immunohistochemical technique and employing a polyclonal antibody to nm23 protein, we have determined nm23 expression in a series of 72 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. Immunostaining for the nm23 gene product have heterogenous cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in 61 patients(84.7%). Sections were scored according to relative abundance(1 = less than 25% of the cells, 2 = 26-75%, 3 = 76-100%). In 61 patients with positive immunostaining, the staining was scored as 1 in 41.6%, 2 in 18.0%, and 3 in 40.2%. The staining of tumor cells was greater than that in normal epithelial cells and stromal cells. No relationship was found between nm23 expression and lymph node metastasis, histologic grade, tumor size, estrogen receptors or progesterone receptors. Therefore, nm23 protein is increased in neoplastic tissues but no correlation with metastatic potential could be demonstrated. The biological mechanism of over-expression of nm23 in malignant cells and its role in tumor progression remain to be determined.

Sarcoma-like Mural Nodule in Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma: A case report

We describe an ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with a sarcoma-like mural nodule. In the literature, rare cases of ovarian mucinous tumors have been described which contain foci of undifferentiated carcinoma, sarcoma, and sarcoma-like nodules. The distinction between these lesions is important because of poorer prognosis of true sarcoma and anaplastic carcinoma than sarcoma-like mural nodules. This case shows different results of immunohistochemical stain for anaplastic carcinoma.

Lipoma of the Heart: An Autopsy case report

Lipomas of the heart are benign neoplasms and have rarely been described. Due to the fact that they normally cause no symptoms, diagnosis is often purely accidental. Because of the rarity of these tumors, it seems worthwhile to present an example studied at autopsy. It was associated with the sudden death of a 15-year-old boy. The tumor arose from the wall of the left ventricle and occupied the pericardial cavity, measuring 13x7x6 cm in size. The tumor was whitish-yellow, translucent, and soft. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of mature adipose tissue which extended between muscle fibers. This current case, the giant cardiac lipoma is believed to produce disturbances of the conduction system and distrubances of cardiac filling.