Radiological characteristics of intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma:report of two cases / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the relationship between the radiological characteristics and clinical and pathological manifestations of intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma. Methods The radiological and clinical characteristics of two intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma cases were analyzed respectively. In combination with reviewing literatures, the radiological characteristics and discipline of intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma disease were also analyzed. Results Intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma disease was accidently detected in one case. The other case was detected with headache and numbness in face. No abnormal sign was found in skin. On plain CT isodensity signals appeared and on contrast-enhanced CT homogeneous enhancement was found.On MR imaging,masses showed isointense signals on T1WI and iso-or hypo-intensity signals on T2WI, and enhanced homogeneously. Lesions were solitary or multiple in the external of brain. After operation intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma was confirmed by pathology, and no recurrence occurred. Conclusion Intracranial juvenile xanthogranuloma is a kind of rarely encountered disease with typically radiological characteristics, which is difficult to detect before surgery and can be confirmed by post-operative pathological and immunohistochemical examinations.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2018,39(5):71-74]

Preoperative evaluation value of carotid and cerebral arteries by CT angiography in acute type A aortic dissection / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To investigate the feasibility of combined CT angiography(CTA)of head,neck and aorta in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and whether the incremental craniocervical information benefits the surgeon and leads to improved clinical outcomes.Methods One hundred and twenty ATAAD patients in a CAC group underwent combined aortic CTA and 123 ATAAD patients in a control group underwent conventional aortic CTA.In the CAC group,the image quality was analyzed and critical CTA findings in craniocervical arteries were determined for further surgery procedure.The radiation dose,intraoperative cerebral protection method,and postoperative intensive care units(ICU)time,in-hospital time,neurologic dysfunction(ND)and all-cause mortality were compared between the two groups.Results The CAC group had all the carotid and cerebral arteries diagnosed successfully. There were 13 patients replaced conventional unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion with bilateral one according to the head and neck CTA images in the CAC group. The CAC group had effective radiation dose,postoperative ND,ICU time and in-hospital time significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).There were no statistical differences between the all-cause morbidities of the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion A combined CTA of head, neck and aorta in ATAAD is feasible. The incremental craniocervical information may lead to improved clinical outcomes.

Imagings of coronary total occlusion using dual-source computed tomography / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the imaging characteristics of coronary arteries with total occlusion (TO) lesions shown by dual-source computed tomography CT (DSCT) coronary angiography.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The clinical data of patients who were diagnosed as coronary heart disease together with total occlusion lesions between March 2008 and March 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In a cohort of 140 patients with 152 TO lesions, TO vessels in right coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, left circumflex coronary artery, or left main coronary artery were 68, 48, 20, and 1, respectively. Side branch TO were found in 15 vessels, in which 13 cases were found to be with TO in two coronary arteries. The length of TO was 5-58 mm, mean (16.8 ± 3.9) mm. TO lesions with a length ≥ 1 cm accounted for 91.4%. The appearance of stump in TO were abrupt occlusion (n=68) , blunt occlusion (n=64) , and mouse-tail occlusion (n=20) . Among all the TO lesions, 73% were soft plaque or mainly soft plaque together with minimal calcification. Mixed plaque and calcified plaque were less seen. Ten TO segments presented with dilated lumens were thrombogenesis. There were 25 TO segments angulated or tortuosity, which were most frequently shown in right coronary artery. DSCT only presented 3 TO with clear collateral vessels and no TO with bridge collateral vessels was shown.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DSCT can provide most necessary information of coronary TO lesions. Therefore, it can be used to guide surgeries on TO lesions and improve the success rates of surgeries.</p>

Diagnosis of aortic intramural hematoma by electron beam CT / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of electron beam CT (EBCT) in the diagnosis of aortic intramural hematoma (AIH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-five patients who complained of acute chest and back pain were scanned with an EBCT scanner (Imatron C-150) using contrast-enhanced continuous volume scanning (CVS) for establish the diagnosis of AIH.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven patients were diagnosed as having Stanford type A, and the others as type B AIH. The direct features of AIH in EBCT included crescent or circular thickening (>5 mm) of the aortic wall without signs of lumen formation resulting from intimal rupture. The indirect features included calcification ingression (7 cases), penetrating ulcer (12 cases), atherosclerosis (18 cases) and leakages (5 cases). The complicating features included pericardial effusion (5 cases), pleural effusion (14 cases), involvement of the large branches (5 cases), aortic dissection (3 cases) and aneurysms (4 cases).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EBCT can provide important information for the diagnosis and treatment of AIH, and can be useful for follow-up observation of the patients.</p>

MRI features in intoxication of sophorae subprostrate / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To discuss the MRI features of sophorae subprostrate intoxication.Methods Four cases with sophorae subprostrate intoxication underwent conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)with a 1.5 T MR system.Results In four cases,all cerebellar dentate nuclei showed symmetric patchy hyper-intensity on T_2 weighted images and iso-intensity on diffusion-weighted images as well as hyper-intensity on ADC maps.The bilateral dorsum of the brain stem and thalamus were involved in one ease.Symmetric long T_1 and T_2 signals and high DWI signals with low ADC values in bilateral basal ganglia area were demonstrated in one case with severe symptoms.After treatment,repeated MR images in two cases showed the abnormal signals of dentate nucleus disappeared,and the lesions of basal ganglia area in one case tended to be cystie with longer T_1 and T_2 signals and low DWI signals.Conclusion It is specific for intoxication of sophorae subprostrate to affect the dentate nuclei and lentiform nuclei.MRI and DWI is helpful for the early diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of this disease.