Prediction and analysis of Q-markers of Elephantopus scaber based on its UPLC fingerprint, content determination of components, and in vitro a nti-tumor activity / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to provide scientific evidence for predicting quality markers(Q-markers) of Elephantopus scaber by establishing UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber from different geographical origins and determining the content of 13 major components, as well as conducting in vitro anti-cancer activity investigation of the main components. The chromatographic column used was Waters CORTECS UPLC C_(18)(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.6 μm), and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution(gradient elution). The column temperature was set at 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 0.2 mL·min~(-1). The injection volume was 1 μL, and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. The UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber was fitted using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 edition) to determine common peaks, evaluate similarity, identify and determine the content of major components. The CCK-8 assay was used to explore the inhibitory effect of the main components on the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The results showed that in the established UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber, 35 common peaks were identified. Thirteen major components, including neochlorogenic acid(peak 1), chlorogenic acid(peak 2), cryptochlorogenic acid(peak 3), caffeic acid(peak 4), schaftoside(peak 6), galuteolin(peak 9), isochlorogenic acid B(peak 10), isochlorogenic acid A(peak 12), isochlorogenic acid C(peak 18), deoxyelephantopin(peak 28), isodeoxyelephantopin(peak 29), isoscabertopin(peak 31), and scabertopin(peak 32) were identified and quantified, and a quantitative analysis method was established. The results of the in vitro anti-cancer activity study showed that deoxyelephantopin, isodeoxyelephantopin, isoscabertopin, and scabertopin in E. scaber exhibited inhibition rates of lung cancer cell proliferation exceeding 80% at a concentration of 10 μmol·L~(-1), higher than the positive drug paclitaxel. These results indicate that the fingerprint of E. scaber is highly characteristic, and the quantitative analysis method is accurate and stable, providing references for the research on quality standards of E. scaber. Four sesquiterpene lactones in E. scaber show significant anti-cancer activity and can serve as Q-markers for E. scaber.

Interactive effects of fine particulate matter and temperature on residents mortality in Pudong, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the interactive effects of fine particulate matter and temperature on non-accidental mortality of residents in Pudong, Shanghai. Methods Daily mortality, air pollutants and meteorological data from Jan 1st.2016 to Dec 31st.2017 were collected.Generalized additive Poisson regression models was used to estimate the effects of PM2.5 pollution on daily mortality, bivariate response surface models and temperature stratified models were applied to examine the interaction of temperature with PM2.5 on mortality. Results A total of 43 345 non-accidental deaths were included, daily mean PM2.5 concentration was 39.1 μg/m3, daily mean temperature was 17.7 ℃.A 10 μg/m3 increase in the daily PM2.5 at lag 1 day was associated with a 0.56%(95%CI:0.11%-1.01%), 0.49%(95%CI:-0.19%-1.18%) and 0.22%(95%CI:-1.14%-1.60%) increase in non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, respectively.Higher risks were identified for males and the older (≥65 years).The effect estimates per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 in medium temperature level were 0.59%(95%CI:0.04%-1.14%)for non-accidental, 0.51%(95%CI:-0.32%-1.35%)for cardiovascular and 0.51%(95%CI:-0.32%-1.35%) for respiratory mortalities.The PM2.5 effects were approximately 2-4 times higher in higher temperature level for non-accidental and cardiovascular mortalities compared with other temperature levels; for respiratory mortality, the PM2.5 effects was approximately 2-fold higher in lower temperature levels than the medium, although the interactions between temperature and PM2.5 were statistically insignificant. Conclusions Temperature may modify the effects of PM2.5 on mortality in Pudong, Shanghai and the interactive pattern may be different across disease-specific mortalities.

Association between the concentration of particulate matters and the hospital emergency room visits for circulatory diseases: a case-crossover study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the association between the concentration of particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm ( PM10 ) and the hospital emergency room visits for circulatory diseases ( International Classification of Diseases, tenth vision ICD-10 : 100-199) in Beijing, China. Methods We collected data for daily hospital emergency room visits of circulatory diseases ( ICD-10:I00-I99 ) from Peking University Third Hospital and from the ambient air PM10 through the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to evaluate associations between circulatory disease health outcomes and PM10.Results The no-lagged unidirectional case-crossover design with 1:4 matched pairs had the highest odds ratios (ORs) between PM10 and the hospital emergency room visits for circulatory diseases. After adjusting the temperature and the relative humidity, a 10μg/m3 increased in the PM10 were found associated with the emergency room visits on value of ORs of 1.006(95% CI:1.003-1.008) for the total circulatory diseases ( ICD-10:I00-I99), 1.003 (95% CI:0.996-1.010) for coronary heart disease ( ICD-10:I20-I25 ), 1.005 ( 95 % CI:0.997-1.013 ) for cardiac arrhythmia ( ICE)-10:I47-I49), 1.019 (95 % CI:1.005-1.033 ) for heart failure disease ( ICD-10:I50 ),and 1.003 ( 95 % CI : 0.998-1.007 ) for cerebrovascular diseases ( ICD-10:I60-I69 ), respectively. Conclusion These findings suggested that elevated levels of ambient PM10 were positively associated with hospital emergency room visits for the total number of circulatory diseases and heart failure disease.