Co-morbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder with motor tics in an eight year-old boy

Obsessive-Compulsive Disease [OCD] incidence rate in children and adolescents is about 1-2 percent; males develop the disease more than females and it clearly is associated with attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder [ADHD], depression and body dysmorphic disorder. Regarding the fact that initial diagnosis and treatment of disorders with OCD in children can protect them from further problems in their life, in this study, the premature OCD with motor tic disorder in an 8-year-old boy is reported

Antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide on intraluminal and intratubular Enterococcus faecalis

Root canal treatment involves the elimination of intraradicular microorganisms. Calcium hydroxide [Ca[OH]2] is the most widely used canal dressing material. Enterococcus faecalis [E. faecalis] has been reported to be resistant to Ca[OH]2 in-vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Ca[OH]2 on the elimination of intraluminal and intratubular E. faecalis. Thirty six human single-rooted teeth were contaminated with E. faecalis. Thirty specimens in the experimental group were treated with 10% Ca[OH]2; six specimens were treated with normal saline as the positive control [n=6]. Specimens from experimental group were randomly divided into two subgroups of 15 each. In subgroup A, specimens were incubated and sampled after one day and in subgroup B, they were tested at day seven. Paper points and Gates Glidden burs were used to obtain the intraluminal and intratubular E. faecalis respectively. Samples obtained from these root canal preparations were analyzed for bacterial load by counting the number of colony forming units [CFUs]. Mann-Whitney and t-test were used for analysis. Group B had significant decrease in CFUs compared with group A with both sampling methods [P<0.001]. No differences were observed between the antimicrobial properties of Ca[OH]2 against intraluminal and intratubular E. faecalis. After 1 week, there was a significant reduction in CFU load with Ca[OH]2 intra canal medication. Ca[OH]2 showed the same antimicrobial efficacy on intraluminal and intratubular E. faecalis

new approach to root formation

In endodontics, treatment of an open apex tooth with necrotic pulp is a problem. It seems that with promotion of remnants of Hertwig's epithelial sheath or rest of malassez accompany with a good irrigation of root canal we can expect root formation

External root resorption: Arrested or progressing?

External root resorptionmay be an uncontrolled phenomenon, and themost known interventions have no effect. Even progressive external root resorption may not be controlled by long term Ca[OH][2] therapy. Currently, there are no treatment options for vital tooth that suffer from root resorption. This invasive resorption can lead to extraction of the tooth. The use of new technologies such as low power laser may control this type of resorption