Fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin as biomarkers of glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer (GlicoOnco study)

Abstract Introduction Glycemic control is important to avoid diabetes complications in individuals with cancer. There is no evidence for HbA1c and fructosamine as reliable biomarkers in these conditions. There are particularities in caring for patients with diabetes and cancer that can alter these biomarkers. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate HbA1c and fructosamine as glycemic biomarkers in people with type 2 diabetes and cancer, undergoing clinical or surgical oncological treatment. Methods The authors conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis with people who have cancer and diabetes. Comparison of glycemic biomarkers (HbA1c, fructosamine, and Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose [SMBG]) was performed including evaluation in individuals undergoing chemotherapy, using glucocorticoids, with anemia, hypoproteinemia or with reduced estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). Results There was a strong positive correlation between fructosamine and HbA1c (n = 318, r= 0.66, p < 0.001) in people with diabetes and cancer even in those under chemotherapy (n = 101, r= 0.61, p < 0.001) or using glucocorticoids (n = 96, r= 0.67, p<0.001). There was a strong correlation between HbA1c and fructosamine in subjects with anemia (n = 111, r= 0.66, p < 0.001), hypoproteinemia (n = 54, r= 0.67, p < 0.001), or with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 189, r= 0.70, p < 0.001), and moderate correlation with hypoalbuminemia (n = 21, r= 0.54, p = 0.001) and with reduced eGFR (n = 67, r= 0.57, p < 0.001). The correlations between fructosamine and HbA1c with SMBG were moderate (n = 164, r= 0.49, p < 0.001; n = 111, r= 0.55, p < 0.001, respectively), strong in subjects undergoing chemotherapy, with hypoalbuminemia or hypoproteinemia, and at least moderate, if eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or with anemia. Conclusions Fructosamine and HbA1c can be used as glycemic biomarkers in people with diabetes and cancer, even in those with anemia, hypoproteinemia, or undergoing chemotherapy.

Determinando Percentis do Risco Cardiovascular Aterosclerótico de acordo com Sexo e Idade numa População Saudável Brasileira / Determining Percentiles of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk According to Sex and Age in a Healthy Brazilian Population

Resumo Fundamento Expressar o risco de doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica (DCVA) em percentis da distribuição por sexo e idade pode proporcionar uma melhor percepção do risco. Objetivos Determinar os percentis da distribuição do risco de DCVA em 10 anos segundo sexo e idade em uma amostra da população brasileira; caracterizar indivíduos com baixo risco em 10 anos, mas em alto percentil de risco. Métodos Analisamos indivíduos de 40 a 75 anos que realizaram avaliações de saúde de rotina de 2010 a 2020. Foram excluídos indivíduos com DCVA clínica conhecida, diabetes mellitus, doença renal crônica ou LDL-colesterol ≥ 190 mg/dL. O risco de DCVA em 10 anos foi calculado pelas equações das coortes agrupadas do American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. Foi utilizada a regressão polinomial local para determinar os percentis de risco. Valores de p bilateral < 0,050 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Nossa amostra incluiu 54.145 atendimentos (72% do sexo masculino, idade mediana [intervalo interquartil] 48 [43; 53] anos). Construímos gráficos específicos por sexo traçando a idade contra o risco de DCVA correspondente aos percentis 10, 25, 50, 75 e 90. A maioria dos homens até 47 anos e mulheres até 59 anos acima do percentil 75 apresentaram risco em 10 anos < 5%. Indivíduos com baixo risco em 10 anos e percentil de risco ≥ 75 apresentaram alta prevalência de excesso de peso e níveis medianos (intervalos interquartis) de LDL-colesterol de 136 (109; 158) mg/dL (sexo masculino) e 126 (105; 147) mg/dL (sexo feminino). Conclusões Estabelecemos percentis de risco de DCVA segundo sexo e idade em uma grande amostra da população brasileira. Essa abordagem pode aumentar a conscientização sobre o risco e ajudar a identificar pessoas mais jovens com baixo risco em 10 anos que podem se beneficiar de um controle mais agressivo dos fatores de risco.

Abstract Background Expressing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) as percentiles of the distribution according to sex and age may provide a better perception of the risk. Objectives To determine percentiles of the 10-year ASCVD risk distribution according to sex and age in a sample of the Brazilian population; to characterize individuals at low 10-year risk but high risk percentile. Methods We analyzed individuals aged 40 to 75 years who underwent routine health evaluations from 2010 to 2020. Persons with known clinical ASCVD, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, or LDL-cholesterol ≥ 190 mg/dL were excluded. The 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated by the ACC/AHA pooled cohort equations. Local polynomial regression was used to determine risk percentiles. Two-sided p-values < 0.050 were considered statistically significant. Results Our sample comprised 54,145 visits (72% male, median age [interquartile range] 48 [43, 53] years). We constructed sex-specific graphs plotting age against ASCVD risk corresponding to the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles. Most males up to 47 years and females up to 59 years above the 75th percentile had a 10-year risk < 5%. Individuals at low 10-year risk and risk percentile ≥ 75th had a high prevalence of excess weight and median (interquartile range) LDL-cholesterol levels 136 (109, 158) mg/dL (males) and 126 (105, 147) mg/dL (females). Conclusions We established ASCVD risk percentiles according to sex and age in a large sample of the Brazilian population. This approach may increase risk awareness and help identify younger persons at low 10-year risk who may benefit from more aggressive risk factor control.

Programa de atenção particularizada ao idoso em unidades básicas de saúde / Health program for elders at primary health care centers

INTRODUÇÃO: Envelhecer é um processo de mudanças irreversíveis na estrutura e no funcionamento de um organismo, que ocorre como resultado da passagem do tempo. Segundo a OMS, programas voltados à saúde dos idosos devem promover, estimular e potencializar situações que os levem a organizar sua rotina de acordo com o próprio planejamento e metas pessoais. No Brasil, a população de idosos aumenta significativamente; estima-se que representará 12,5 por cento em 2020. Nesse contexto, justifica-se a criação de programas de saúde particularizados a esse grupo populacional. OBJETIVO: Elaborar programa de saúde para o idoso aplicável em Unidades Básicas de Saúde. METODOLOGIA: O projeto foi aplicado no Centro de Saúde Escola Barra Funda "Dr. Alexandre Vranjac". Com revisão bibliográfica, conhecimento da população local e das demandas regionais quanto a novas atividades e mapeamento das atividades existentes no terrritório, formulou-se uma apostila direcionada aos profissionais da saúde visando elucidar dúvidas e orientar o manejo do paciente idoso. RESULTADOS: A Unidade é referência na organização dos projetos existentes em sua área de abrangência; muitos, atualmente, com potencial subutilizado. Foram encontrados diversos centros que oferecem atividades aos idosos, no entanto há necessidade de aprimorar a divulgação desses projetos através de meios que atinjam efetivamente essa população. Elaborou-se apostila composta de revisão bibliográfica, fluxograma de atendimento médico, roteiro para personalizar o atendimento do idoso, banco de dados com os principais projetos da região e calendário com as atividades existentes permitindo centralizar informações e torná-las acessíveis, para que atividades específicas a cada paciente possam ser indicadas de maneira objetiva.

INTRODUCTION: Ageing is a process of irreversible changes, both physical and physiological. According to WHO, health programs directed to the elders must promote and encourage them to have a routine based on their goals. The number of senior citizens in Brazil is on the rise, and studies show that in 2020 they will represent about 12.5 percent of the country's population; therefore, health policies must meet the needs of this age group. OBJECTIVES: To create a health program for elders that can be applied at primary health care centers. METHODOLOGY: The project was initially applied at "Centro de Saúde Escola Barra Funda Dr. Alexandre Vranjac". Using both bibliographic and field research, we were able to create a profile of elders in the area and, thus, understand the needs of this age group, which enabled us to map the different activities directed to senior citizens that are available in the area and suggest new activities that appeal to this public. RESULTS: Several centers offer activities to senior citizens; however, few citizens attend them, which shows that more effective ways to advertise them must be used to attract more elders. After analyzing the data, a guidebook was created to help professionals when dealing with elders. In it, there is a bibliographic review about the ageing process, a flowchart with the ideal management of elder patients, a summary of activities available in the area and a schedule with such activities. This guidebook aims to help the professionals offer their patients a better orientation.

Depressive disorder: subdiagnosis in woman with gynecological neoplasms

Introduction: The cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in Brazil. In this ontext it has been noticed that the information about cancer diagnosis is a common medical practice which could imply in psychological, physical and interpersonal changes. Approximately 30 percent of the patients with cancer develop widespread apprehension, depression and mental disorder in the first year after the diagnosis. Therefore, it is important that the health professional has to be able to recognize these alterations and to conduct them better on the moment of diagnosis and the therapeutic options discuss. Objective: To evaluate female genital neoplasms diagnosis’ impact in life of patients and their families. Casuistic and methods: Women with confirmed female genital neoplasms are submitted to a questionnaire to evaluate sociodemografics characters, impressions in the diagnosis’ moment, health conditions, quality of life and depressive symptoms. Results: The serene feeling in the moment of diagnosis is requent in the major than 50 year old women (p=0002). The knowledge about their own illness is higher as higher is patient’s school age (p=0013). A half of patients present depressive symptoms. There is no difference between the presence of symptoms and the time of diagnosis (p=0781), age (p=0711) and school age (p=0145). The more frequently doubts referred by patients are about disease’s cure and its recurrence. Conclusions: The results suggest that women with female genital neoplasms are frequently committed by doubts and depressive symptoms that are rarely identified without appropriate instruments of evaluation. The health professional has to pay attention to the psychosocial aspect related directly with quality of life.