Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Yandu District from 2005 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Yandu District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the improvements of the varicella control strategy.@*Methods@#The data pertaining to cases in Yandu District from 2005 to 2021 were captured from the National Notifiable Diseases Network Reporting System, and the coverage of varicella vaccination in Yandu District from 2016 to 2021 was captured from the Jiangsu Provincial Immunization Planning System. The trends in incidence of varicella were analyzed using annual percent change (APC), the temporal, population and spatial distributions of varicella cases were descriptively analyzed, and the correlation between the cumulative first-dose varicella vaccination rate and incidence of varicella was examined among birth cohorts in Yandu District from 2005 to 2021.@*Results@#Totally 6 144 varicella cases were reported in Yandu District from 2005 to 2021, with annual mean reported incidence of 50.05/105. The incidence of varicella appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yandu District from 2012 to 2018, with APC of 77.97% (t=11.702, P<0.001), and the incidence appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2018 to 2021, with APC of -41.93% (t=-6.911, P<0.001). The incidence of varicella peaked during the period between November and January of the following year (45.95%), and during the period between May and June (20.35%). The mean incidence of varicella was higher among men than among women (54.72/105 vs. 45.00/105; χ2=57.858, P<0.001). The highest incidence of varicella was found among cases at ages of 6 to 9 years (543.78/105), and varicella predominantly occurred among primary school students (38.40%) and pre-school children (31.85%), with high annual mean incidence in the eastern urban areas (74.27/105).The cumulative first-dose varicella vaccination rate negatively correlated with the incidence of varicella among the birth cohorts in Yandu District in 2019 (r=-0.501, P<0.001), 2020 (r=-0.646, P<0.001) and 2021 (r=-0.602, P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#The incidence of varicella appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a reduction in Yandu District from 2005 to 2021, and the incidence of varicella peaked in winter and at the turn from spring to summer, with varicella predominantly found among primary school students and preschool children.

Phenolic glycosides from the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis and their biological activities / 药学学报

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of the 95% aqueous ethanol extract of the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis by D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semipreparative RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as ethyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (1), n-butyl 4-O-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (2), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (3), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillate (4), n-butyl 4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vanillate (5), n-butyl 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-syringate (6), methyl 3-methoxy-4-(β-D-allopyranosyloxy) benzoate (7), pseudolaroside B (8), butyl syringate (9), glucosyringic acid (10), methyl syringate (11), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (12), clemochinenoside C (13), and clemoarmanoside A (14), respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation and by comparison with literature information. Compounds 1-6 are artificial products of phenolic acid esterified by ethanol or n-butanol. It is noted that the precursors (4-O-(6′-O-syringoyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid and 4-O-(6′-O-vanilloyl)-β-D-allopyranosyl-vanillic acid) of compounds 3 and 4 are new compounds. The hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-13 were evaluated in vitro at a concentration of 10 μmol·L-1. Compounds 1, 2 and 6-10 exhibited potential hepatic protection effects with cell survival rates ranging from 53.6% to 55.5% (acetaminophen, 45.4% at 8 mmol·L-1). Compound 4 demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with nitric oxide inhibitory rate of 74.6%. Compounds 3 and 5 showed potential antioxidant activities with malondialdehyde inhibitory rates of 53.2% and 56.1%, respectively.

Glucose-6 phosphatase catalytic subunit inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC) recombinant adenovirus on proliferation and cell cycle regulation of liver cancer cells. Methods: Recombinant adenovirus AdG6PC was constructed. Huh7 cells and SK-Hep1 cells were set as Mock, AdGFP and AdG6PC group. Cell proliferation and clone formation assay were used to observe the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Transwell and scratch assay were used to observe the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells. Cell cycle flow cytometry assay was used to analyze the effect of G6PC overexpression on the proliferation cycle of liver cancer cells. Western blot was used to detect the effect of G6PC overexpression on the cell-cycle protein expression in liver cancer cells. Results: The recombinant adenovirus AdG6PC was successfully constructed. Huh7 and SK-Hep1 cells proliferation assay showed that the number of proliferating cells in the AdG6PC group was significantly lower than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Clone formation assay showed that the number of clones was significantly lower in AdG6PC than the other two groups (P < 0.05), suggesting that G6PC overexpression could significantly inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Transwell assay showed that the number of cell migration was significantly lower in AdG6PC than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Scratch repair rate was significantly lower in AdG6PC than the other two groups (P < 0.05), suggesting that G6PC overexpression can significantly inhibit the invasion and migration of liver cancer cells. Cell cycle flow cytometry showed that G6PC overexpression had significantly inhibited the Huh7 cells G(1)/S phase transition. Western blot result showed that G6PC overexpression had down-regulated the proliferation in cell-cycle related proteins expression. Conclusion: G6PC inhibits the proliferation, cell-cycle related expression, and migration of liver cancer cells by inhibiting the G(1)/S phase transition.

Correlation of Plasma MiR-146a, MiR-223 Levels with the Prognosis of Childhood with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the expression of plasma microRNA (miR)-146a and miR-223 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), so as to analyze the relationship between the two factors and the prognosis of children with ALL.@*METHODS@#100 children with ALL treated in the hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were selected, according to the standard of Chinese Children's Leukemia Group (CCLG)-ALL-2008 program, the children were performed standardized treatment in our hospital according to different risk degree, the follow-up results were obtained, the follow-up time was ≥36 months, and the follow-up time was till to March 2021, the recurrence and mortality of the children were used as prognostic indicators; the baseline data of the children at admission were inquired and recorded, the plasma miR-146a and miR-223 levels were analyzed at admission, and their correlation with the prognosis of children with ALL was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#During the follow-up period, 4 cases of children died while 18 cases recurred, which means 22(22.00%) children showed the poor prognosis; the plasma miR-146a level of the children in poor prognosis group at admission was higher than those in good prognosis group, while the plasma miR-223 level was lower than those in good prognosis group, the differences showed statistically significantly (P0.80); the results of correlation test showed that there was a negative correlation of plasma miR-146a with miR-223 levels at admission (r=-0.239, P=0.016).@*CONCLUSION@#Plasma miR-146a is overexpressed and miR-223 is low-expressed in children with ALL, the abnormal expression of the two factors is related to the prognosis of children with ALL.

High Expression of Bone Marrow VEGF in Patients with Acute Leukemia and Its Correlation with Prognosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bone marrow of patients with non-M3 acute leukemia (AL), and estimate its relationship with prognosis.@*METHODS@#From January 2016 to December 2019, 114 patients with AL in department of Hematology, Wuwei People's Hospital were selected as study group, and 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. The concentration of VEGF in bone marrow was detected by ELISA. The patients were divided into high and low concentration group according to the level of VEGF. The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were compared among different groups.@*RESULTS@#The level of VEGF in patients with AL was significantly higher than that in the control group. The median OS and EFS in the low concentration group was 34.5 and 32 months, respectively, while, in the high concentration group was 30 and 26 months, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P=0.010). There were significant differences in OS rate (P=0.035) and EFS rate (P=0.026) between low and high concentration group. Multivariate analysis showed that high VEGF concentration was an independent risk factor affecting OS (HR=2.619, 95%CI 1.070-6.406, P=0.035) and EFS (HR=2.221, 95%CI 1.074-4.552, P=0.031) in AL patients.@*CONCLUSION@#VEGF highly expresses in the bone marrow of patients with AL at initial diagnosis and relapse, and shows adverse effects on the prognosis.

Regulation Effect of Myeloid Leukemia No.1 Chinese Herb Medicine Prescription Combined with Chemotherapy on Th17 Cells in Bone Marrow of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the regulation effect of myeloid leukemia No.1 Chinese herb medicine prescription combined with chemotherapy on Th17 cells in bone marrow fluid of AML patients, so as to provide guidance for improving AML treatment effect and patients' long-term survival.@*METHODS@#Seventy patients with AML who were hospitalized in Department of Hematology, Wuwei People's Hospital from April 2017 to August 2019 were selected and enrolled in AML group, 25 healthy volunteers were selected and enrolled in control group; then according to therapeutic regimen, AML patients were divided into 2 groups: combined therapy group (myeloid leukemia NO.1 Chinese herb medicine prescription combined with chemotherapy) and non-combined therapy group (chemotherapy alone). Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio of CD3@*RESULTS@#The ratio of CD3@*CONCLUSION@#Th17 cells expression in bone marrow of newly diagnoses and relapsed AML patients significantly increase, and decrease significantly after treatment. Myeloid leukemia No.1 Chinese herb prescription combined with chemotherapy can significantly increase the CR rate and reduce the RL rate for AML.

A pulmonary source of infection in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury leads to a worse outcome and poor recovery of kidney function / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND@#Hospital mortality rates are higher among patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) than among patients with sepsis. However, the pathogenesis underlying SA-AKI remains unclear. We hypothesized that the source of infection affects development of SA-AKI. We aim to explore the relationship between the anatomical source of infection and outcome in patients with SA-AKI.@*METHODS@#Between January 2013 and January 2018, 113 patients with SA-AKI admitted to our Emergency Center were identified and divided into two groups: those with pulmonary infections and those with other sources of infection. For each patient, we collected data from admission until either discharge or death. We also recorded the clinical outcome after 90 days for the discharged patients.@*RESULTS@#The most common source of infection was the lung (52/113 cases, 46%), followed by gastrointestinal (GI) (25/113 cases, 22.1%) and urinary (22/113, 19.5%) sources. Our analysis showed that patients with SA-AKI had a significantly worse outcome (30/52 cases, P<0.001) and poorer kidney recovery (P=0.015) with pulmonary sources of infection than those infected by another source. Data also showed that patients not infected by a pulmonary source more likely experienced shock (28/61 cases, P=0.037).@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrated that the source of infection influenced the outcome of SA-AKI patients in an independent manner. Lung injury may influence renal function in an as yet undetermined manner as the recovery of kidney function was poorer in SA-AKI patients with a pulmonary source of infection.

Identification of Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis Infected with Citrus Huanglongbing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To analyze and compare different samples in many aspects to identify Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis infected with Huanglongbing(HLB) timely and accurately, in order to prevent and control the disease in time. Method::HLB was identified through character analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), enzyme digestion reaction and Real-time PCR. Result::In terms of characters, there were typically variegated yellow leaves and relatively small fruit, even with deformity but without " red nose fruit" among C. medica var. sarcodactylis infected with HLB. All of these can be used as the basis for the preliminary identification of HLB in the fields. According to the RT-PCR test results and enzyme digestion reaction, when the primer was OI1/OI2c, there was specific band of 1 160 bp, which could be cut into 520 bp and 640 bp by Xba I enzyme. These results were consistent with the characters of other citrus plants infected with HLB. According to the Real-time PCR detection results, C. medica var. sarcodactylis infected with HLB had amplification curves and dissolved peaks, with the melting temperature was 82 ℃ and Ct between 24.6 to 28.2, while the normal plants were not amplified. Conclusion::Character analysis can be used to roughly distinguish HLB in the fields, but with a certain subjectivity. RT-PCR or Real-time PCR can be used to identify C. medica var.sarcodactylis infected with HLB in a timely and accurate manner, and qPCR detection is more sensitive and quantitative. Through the combination of character analysis and molecular identification, C. medica var.sarcodactylis infected with HLB can be determined more timely and accurately.

Antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolated in Sichuan province from 2018 to 2019 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in Sichuan population during the monitoring period of 2018-2019, and to clarify the antigenic variation, the gene characteristics and the matching of current epidemic strains, vaccine strains, representative strains at home and abroad.@*Methods@#A total of 118 strains of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolated in Sichuan region influenza network laboratory from April 2018 to March 2019 were selected. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was conducted for antigen analysis. The HA and NA genes of 16 strains with low-response strains were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis and amino acid locus variation analysis were applied using BioEdit and MEGA5.0 software.@*Results@#The result of the antigen analysis demonstrated that more than 95% of the A(H1N1) pdm09 influenza viruses detected were similar to the WHO recommended vaccine strain A/Michigan/45/2015. The analysis of HA gene characteristics showed that some low-response strains had amino acid site variation in the Sa, Sb and Cb regions of the HA protein. A total of 15 low-response strains belonged to the 6B.1 branch. And their evolutionary relationship were close to the representative strains A/beijin-xicheng/SWL1633/2018 and A/brisbane/02/2018, which were popular at home and abroad. Compared with A/sichuan/1/2009, there are mutations involving 6, 14 and 1 amino acid sites in the antigen-determining regions (Sa, Sb, Ca and Cb), non-determined regions and receptor binding site(RBS) respectively. No amino acid site mutations related to resistance to NA gene were found.@*Conclusions@#In 2018-2019, the epidemic A(H1N1) pdm09 influenza virus in Sichuan is consistent with the global epidemic characteristics, which also matched with vaccine strains recommended by WHO in the northern hemisphere. Compared with A/sichuan/1/2009 which was the first isolated in China in 2009, there were amino acid sites mutations in antigen-determining region and receptor binding site of the HA protein, and the transmembrane region of the NA protein, drug and antibody binding sites.

Chemical Compositions and Pharmacological Activities of Polygoni Multiflori Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As a common tonic traditional Chinese medical herb,Polygoni Multiflori Radix has been extensively applied in clinic. In recent years,there have been many literatures related to Polygoni Multiflori Radix. By reviewing the literatures in domestic and foreign,the latest progress on chemical components and pharmacology of Polygoni Multiflori Radix have been summarized and analyzed. At present,more than 133 kinds of compounds have been isolated from Polygoni Multiflori Radix, such as stilbene glycosides,terpenoids,flavonoids,phospholipids and phenylpropanoids. Among them, stilbene dimer and dianthrone glycosides are two kind of new compounds recently isolated from it. The current researches about the pharmacological effect of Polygoni Multiflori Radix focus on anti-oxidative,anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerosis and neuro-protective effects,with potentials in treating neurodegenerative diseases, preventing and treating arterial and reducing blood sugar. Its medicinal ingredients mainly include stilbene glycosides,terpenoids and flavonoids,in which 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxysilbene 2-O-glucopyranoside shows a variety of biological activities. However,there are a few studies on the pharmacological activities of other compounds. Therefore,to ensure the further development and utilization of Polygoni Multiflori Radix,it is suggested to conduct a more in-depth and comprehensive research on the material basis of its efficacy.

Safety awareness and use of child safety seats among parents after the legislation in Shanghai / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To investigate the changes and underlying mechanisms in parents' safety awareness and the use of child safety seats after the mandatory legislation in Shanghai city, China.@*METHODS@#This study was carried out by Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Children's Health using a multi-stage, simple random sampling method. Volunteers with children aged 0-12 months were recruited. Child safety seats were sent to each volunteer's family. Telephone encounters and/or on-site visits were used to collect data from parents using a phased survey on children's safety during car use.@*RESULTS@#Among all respondents, 91.2% had heard of motor vehicle accidents involving children, and 97.2% could describe the appropriate use of a safety seat to minimize the risk of child injury in a collision. Among 1078 families with newborns, awareness of child safety seats was 91.9%. There were 86% patients aware that new laws and regulations have been released regarding the use of child safety seats, and 98.5% of them plan to comply with the new laws. Moreover, 61% patients think that taxis should be routinely equipped with child safety seats.@*CONCLUSION@#The parents in Shanghai obtained a high level of awareness of children's traffic safety after the introduction of child safety seats legislation, and had a positive experience related to the use of child safety seats. Taxi may be an important area of focus for implementation of child traffic safety. Traffic safety laws and regulations with further impact should be continuously studied.

Study on chemical constituents of stems and leaves of Sapium discolor / 中国中药杂志

Seventeen compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of Sapium discolor by using various chromatographic techniques,including silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,MCI,ODS,and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as sapiumin F( 1),kadsulignan C( 2),ciwujiatone( 3),ethylbrevifolin carboxylate( 4),7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin( 5),fraxetin( 6),fraxidin( 7),isofraxidin( 8),6,7,8-trimethoxycoumarin( 9),5,6,7,8-tetramethoxycoumarin( 10),8-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxycoumarin( 11),3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid( 12),3,3',4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid( 13),3'-methoxyellagic acid 4'-O-α-rhamnopyranoside( 14),4,5-didehydro-chebulic acid triethyl ester( 15),ent-kaurane-3-oxo-16α,17-diol( 16),and abscisic acid( 17) by spectroscopic data. Compound 1 is a new compound. Except for compounds 4,11,and 13,the remaining compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. All the isolates were evaluated for their in vitro antineuroinflammatory activities,and the results showed that compounds 6 and 15 significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells,with IC50 values of 6. 06 and 6. 05 μmol·L-1,respectively.

Expression of miR-140-3p in children with autism spectrum disorders and its correlation with cyto-kines / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of serum miR-140-3p in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its correlation with interleukin-4 ( IL-4),interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleu-kin-17A (IL-17A),and provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of ASD. Methods Totally 172 ca-ses of ASD children admitted to Anning Hospital of Hainan Province from January 2015 to June 2018 were selected as case group,80 cases of healthy subjects as control group. ASD children were divided into mild-moderate group (n=116) and severe group (n=56) by ASD Behavior Rating Scale and Child Autism Rating Scale. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay ( ELISA) were used to detect the changes of serum levels of miR-140-3p,IL-4,IL-8 and IL-17A in each group. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of miR-140-3p,IL-4,IL-8 and IL-17A for ASD. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum miR-140-3p and IL-4,IL-8 and IL-17A in children with ASD. Results The serum levels of miR-140-3p ( 0. 86 ± 0. 17 vs 0. 15±0. 03),IL-4(48. 65±13. 82)pg/ml vs (31. 42±7. 50)pg/ml),IL-8((7. 14±2. 05) pg/ml vs (2. 30± 0. 74)pg/ml) and IL-17A((112. 35±51. 64)pg/ml vs (58. 20±26. 40)pg/ml) in the case group were sig-nificantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0. 05). Serum levels of miR-140-3p( 1. 08 ± 0. 24 vs 0. 71±0. 12),IL-4((53. 28±16. 30)pg/ml vs (43. 70±13. 52)pg/ml),IL-8((9. 42±2. 85)pg/ml vs (5. 63 ±1. 48)pg/ml) and IL-17A((138. 40±65. 72)pg/ml vs (96. 74±40. 83) pg/ml) in severe group were sig-nificantly higher than those in mild-moderate group(P<0. 05). The AUC (95%CI) of serum miR-140-3p for ASD diagnosis was 0. 827 (0. 773-0. 886),which were significantly higher than that of IL-4 (0. 719 (0. 651-0. 764)pg/ml),IL-8 (0. 683 (0. 625-0. 743)pg/ml) and IL-17A(0. 745 (0. 683-0. 817)pg/ml). The best cut-off value was 0. 75,and the sensitivity and specificity were 84. 8% and 78. 2%,respectively. The best cut-off value of serum miR-140-3p for diagnosing ASD was 0. 75, and its sensitivity and specificity were 84. 8% and 78. 2%,respectively. The correlation analysis showed that serum miR-140-3p was positively cor-related with IL-4,IL-8 and IL-17A in children with ASD (r=0. 681,r=0. 624,r=0. 775,all P<0. 01). Con-clusion Serum levels of miR-140-3p was significantly higher in ASD children, correlated with levels of IL-4,IL-8 and IL-17A,and miR-140-3p was a potential biomarkers for ASD diagnosis.

Observation on the clinical application effect of regional refraction intraocular lens SBL-3 in patients with age-related cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To observe the clinical application effect of regional refraction intraocular lens SBL-3 in patients with age-related cataract.<p>METHODS: Totally 90 patients(90 eyes)with age-related cataract diagnosed and treated in our hospital from February 2016 to December 2017 were selected as the study object, and they were randomly divided into control group and observation group, each group respectively included 45 cases(45 eyes). The control group were treated with single focus intraocular lens implantation, the observation group were treated with regional refraction intraocular lens SBL-3. Then the naked vision, VF-14 scale and corneal endothelial cells situation before and after the operation, contrast sensitivity after the operation of two groups were compared.<p>RESULTS: The naked vision, VF-14 scale and corneal endothelial cells of two groups before the operation were compared,the differences had no statistical significance(all <i>P</i>>0.05). After 12wk operation, the naked vision and VF-14 scale of observation group were better than those of control group, and contrast sensitivity of light and dark light were all lower than those of control group, the differences had statistical significance(all <i>P</i><0.05), while the corneal endothelial cells, contrast sensitivity of light glare and dark glare of two groups were compared, the differences had no statistical significance(all <i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The clinical application effect of regional refraction intraocular lens SBL-3 in the patients with age-related cataract is better which has positive improvement effect for the visual quality, and the bad influence for the cornea is small, so its clinical application value is higher.

Early Immunosuppressive Exposure of Enteric-Coated-Mycophenolate Sodium Plus Tacrolimus Associated with Acute Rejection in Expanded Criteria Donor Kidney Transplantation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Immunosuppressive agents are still inefficient in preventing biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) after expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between early immunosuppressive exposure and the development of BPAR.</p><p><b>Methods</b>We performed a retrospective study of 58 recipients of ECD kidney transplantation treated with enteric-coated-mycophenolate sodium, tacrolimus (Tac), and prednisone. The levels of mycophenolic acid-area under the curve (MPA-AUC) and Tac Cwere measured at the 1 week and the 1 month posttransplant, respectively. The correlation was assessed by multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><b>Results</b>The occurrence rates of BPAR and antibody-mediated rejection were 24.1% and 10.3%, respectively. A low level of MPA-AUC at the 1 week posttransplant was found in BPAR recipients (38.42 ± 8.37 vs. 50.64 ± 13.22, P < 0.01). In addition, the incidence of BPAR was significantly high (P < 0.05) when the MPA-AUClevel was <30 mg·h·L at the 1 week (15.0% vs. 44.4%) or the Tac Cwas <4 ng/ml at the 1 month posttransplant (33.3% vs. 21.6%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the MPA-AUC at the 1 week (OR: 0.842, 95% CI: 0.784-0.903) and the Tac Cat the 1 month (OR: 0.904, 95% CI: 0.822-0.986) had significant inverse correlation with BPAR (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>Low-level exposure of MPA and Tac Cin the early weeks posttransplant reflects an increased acute rejection risk, which suggested that MPA-AUC <30 mg·h·L and Tac C <4 ng/ml should be avoided in the first few weeks after transplantation.</p>

Etiological Analysis of Community-acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children in Kunming / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection in children in Kunming (with an altitude of 1860 m) . Methods The results of bacterial culture of 9793 patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Jan 2011 to Nov 2015 were reviewed.Results Among the 9793 phlegm samples from the children patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection, 8433 (86.10%) phlegm samples were qualified, 2 918 (34.6%) had a positive bacterial culture.The pathogenic bacteria mainly were gram-negative bacteria (1 839 strains, 58.9%), and gram-positive bacteria (1 284 strains, 41.4%) . The detection rate of gram-negative bacteria was increasing, among which Haemophilus was in a leading position (768 strains, 24.60%),followed by Streptococcus pneumonia (665 strains, 21.3%),E. coli (315 strains, 10.10%), Staphylococcus aureus (310 strains, 9.9%), Moraxella catarrhalis (272 strains, 8.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacillus (224 strains, 7.2%) . The detection rates of six common bacteria in different seasons were significantly different (P＜0.05) . The detection rates of six common bacteria except Moraxella catarrhalis in different age groups were significantly different (P＜0.05) . Conclusions Gram-negative bacterium was the main pathogenic bacteria for those children who got community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Haemophilus influenza was the most common pathogenic bacteria and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in winter was high. The most common pathogenic bacteria in infants and toddler were Haemophilus influenza. The most common pathogen in preschool and school-age children was Streptococcus pneumonia.The pathogenic bacteria of lower respiratory tract infection in the children community of Kunming are different from those in the plain area.

The Suppressive Effect of Carthamin Yellow on the Proliferation and Migration of Human Breast Cancer Cells and Its Related Molecular Mechanisms / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To study the effect of Carthamin Yellow (CY) on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion ability of breast cancer and its related molecular mechanisms. Methods CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells by different concentrations of CY at different time;flow cytometry was used to test the apoptosis rate of MDA-MB-231 cells treated by different concentrations of CY and transwell assay was used to investigate the effect of various concentrations of CY on MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasion.After the intervention of different concentrations of CY on MDA-MB-231 cells, apoptosis-related protein Cleaved-Caspase-3, survival protein p-Akt and metastasis-related protein MMP2 were detected by western blot. Results (1) CY could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-and-time-dependent manner. (2) CY significantly promoted the apoptosis of breast cancer cells ( <0.01) . (3) CY could decrease the expression of p-Akt and increase the expression of Cleaved-Caspase-3. (4) CY impaired migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells ( <0.01), and can inhibit the expression of MMP2. Conclusion CY could promote the apoptosis of breast cancer cells through activation of apoptosis signaling, and can inhibit breast cancer cell metastasis by suppressing MMP2. And CY may be a potential therapeutic drug for human breast cancer.

First isolation and identification of Getah virus SC1210 in Sichuan / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To study the genome molecular characteristics of Getah virus (SC1210) which isolated in Sichuan province in 2012.@*Methods@#Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify the isolate and the genome was sequenced by the second Ion Torrent PGM. Computer softwares, including Mega Align and Mega 6, were used to analyze the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence, and draw phylogenetic trees.@*Results@#SC1210 was identified as Getah virus. The full genome sequence was 11 690nt, the nucleotide and amino acid homology of the full sequence with other strains were 99.2%-99.7% and 96.5%-99.4%.The capsid protein of SC1210 consisting of 804 nucleotides, encoding 268 amino acids and the full-length of E2 protein, had 1 266 nucleotides, encoding 422 amino acids. The nucleotide homology of the capsid protein and the E2 protein with other strains were 94.9%-99.2% and 94.6%-99.6%, and the amino acid were 97%-99.6% and 97.1%-99.5%. The 3′ UTR of the virus included 402 nucleotides and there were three repeat sequence elements and 19 nucleotides conservation sequence.@*Conclusions@#The first GETV isolate SC1210 in Sichuan province has a closer relationship with Yunnan strain YN040 and a far genetic relationship with MM2021.

Safety and efficacy of China-made sildenafil citrate in the treatment of erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the safety, efficacy and tolerability of China-made sildenafil citrate (Jinge) in the treatment of ED.@*METHODS@#We conducted a multi-center, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial among 222 ED patients in five urological or andrological clinics of China. The patients were randomly assigned to receive sildenafil citrate (SC, n = 111) or placebo (n = 111) for 8 weeks. We obtained and analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the scores of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), the success rate of sexual intercourse, and the incidence of adverse events.@*RESULTS@#No statistically significant differences were found between the patients of the SC and those of the placebo group in the mean age (［47.2±11.32］ yr vs ［46.67±13.08］ yr, P>0.05), psychological etiology (27.93% vs 23.42%, P>0.05), organic etiology (21.62% vs 29.73%, P>0.05) or mixed etiology (50.45% vs 46.85%, P>0.05), nor in height, weight, nationality, or history of smoking, drinking or allergy. Compared with the placebo controls, the SC-treated patients showed significant increases in the excellence rate of effectiveness (29.91% vs 78.90%, P<0.01), success rate of sexual intercourse (29.16% vs 63.87%, P<0.01), and total effectiveness rate (34.58% vs 77.98%, P<0.01). The effectiveness rates on organic, psychogenic and mixed types ED were remarkably higher in the SC group (64.52%, 83.33%, and 82.14%) than in the placebo control (46.15%, 21.21%, and 25.00%) (P<0.01). Mild or temporary adverse events were observed in 32 cases in the SC group as compared with 13 in the placebo control.@*CONCLUSIONS@#China-made sildenafil citrate is an effective, safe and well-tolerated drug for ED of different etiologies in the Chinese population.

Correlation of RUNX3 expression with microvessel density in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and clinical significance

OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and its correlation with microvessel density (MVD), and investigate the clinical pathological prognostic significance of RUNX3 and MVD in patients with colorectal cancer.@*METHODS@#The expression value of RUNX3 and MVD in 70 specimens' colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining technique. The correlation between their expression and the clinicopathologic features was also investigated.@*RESULTS@#The expression value of RUNX3 and the positive rates of RUNX3 in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues were 3.25 ± 1.14 and 25.71% (18/70). The expression value of MVD in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues was 13.14 ± 3.23. Expression of RUNX3 and MVD value were correlated with CEA, serosal invasion, liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage (P < 0.01). The expression value of RUNX3 had negative correlations with that of MVD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The high expression of RUNX3 could inhibit tumor microvascular generation in order to have negative control response on invasion and distant metastasis.