Effect of overexpression of superoxide dismutase 1 mutant genes G41S and G41D on cognitive behavior in medial prefrontal cortex of mice / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations G41D and G41S on the cognitive behavior of mice.Methods:The recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) which overexpressed human SOD1WT, SOD1G41S, SOD1G41D and the blank virus without the target gene were constructed, then they were stereotaxic injected into mice bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) area respectively.According to the difference of injected virus, they were divided into CONTROL group, SOD1WT group, SOD1G41S group and SOD1G41D group ( n=16 in each group). One month later, open field test, Y-maze spontaneous alternation experiment, three box social interaction experiment and trace fear conditioning test were conducted to observe the effect of mutant gene on cognitive behavior of mice. Results:In the open field test, the movement distance of SOD1WT group((39.67±6.04)m)was significantly higher than that of SOD1G41D group((28.47±6.92)m, P=0.034). In the Y-maze spontaneous alternations experiment, the number of arm entries and actual alternations of arm entries of SOD1WT group((40.56±10.12)times, (32.63±8.19)times)and SOD1G41S group((36.75±9.43)times, (29.06±8.32)times)were significantly higher than those of SOD1G41D group((24.50±11.30)times, (18.38±9.09)times, P<0.05). In the three-compartment social experiment, there was no statistical difference between the residence time of SOD1G41D group in the area containing mouse ((279.08±134.94) s) and the empty metal cage area ((218.54±125.63) s) ( t=1.313, P=0.199). SOD1WT group and SOD1G41S group showed no statistical difference in the residence time in the regions of the unfamiliar mouse 1((253.07±55.60)s, (253.20±57.61)s) and the unfamiliar mouse 2 ((243.44±55.33) s, (239.76±67.49) s) ( P>0.05), and SOD1WT group and SOD1G41S group presented new social barrier.In the test stage of trace fear condition task, the percentage of freezing time of SOD1G41S group was significantly higher than that of other experimental groups and CONTROL group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SOD1G41S and SOD1G41D have significantly changed the cognitive behavior of mice, and the two types of mutations at the same site have significant differences in the cognitive behavior changes.

Assessment of cerebral perfusion in TIAS with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis using arterial spin labeling

To discuss the diagnostic value of arterial spin labeling [ASL] in the transient ischemic attack [TIA] patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery [MCA] stenosis by comparing the differences of perfusion results between dynamic susceptibility contrast enhancement [DSC] and ASL in the perfusion evaluation of unilateral MCA stenosis, and to prove that ASL would be a promising method to assess cerebral hemodynamics in future. The images of diffusion weighted imaging [DWI], DSC and ASL in 36 cases of TIA patients with unilateral MCA stenosis and 35 healthy volunteers were analyzed retrospectively to assess collateral flow in the circle of Willis, and to analyze the perfusion differences between ASL and DSC. The perfusion differences between lesion side and contralateral side were significant in both DSC [P < 0.01] and ASL [P < 0.05]. Whereas, the differences of CBF between DSC and ASL in the perfusion evaluation of unilateral MCA stenosis were not significant, P > 0.05. ASL can provide valuable information on the quality of brain perfusion in patients with unilateral middle cereral artery stenosis. Therefore, ASL may be an alternative method in the assessment of perfusion in ischemic cerebral vascular diseases

Acute ischemic stroke patients without angiographically revealed arterial occlusion / 介入放射学杂志

Approximately 20%-30% of the patients with acute ischemic stroke do not have an angiographically demonstrable arterial occlusion. This article reviews the possible explanations for the absence of angiographically documented occlusion, the risk and the occurrence rate of cerebral infarction, the prognosis, and the effectiveness as well as the safety of thrombolytic therapy.

Ballon angioplasty and stenting for acute ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Thrombolytic agents for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke have some limitations. Balloon angioplasty and stenting have become the research hotspot in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. 1his article reviews the effectiveness and safety of balloon angioplasty and stenting in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.