Research progress on expression of Epstein-Barr virus genes in EBV associated gastric carcinoma / 中国肿瘤临床

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a biological factor associated with gastric carcinoma. The prognosis of EBV-associated gastric car-cinoma (EBVaGC) is good because of its distinct clinicopathological features. The pathogenesis mechanism of EBVaGC is extensively in-vestigated at present. The development of molecular techniques has stimulated the research on the expression of EBV genes in EB-VaGC, thereby providing a theoretical foundation on the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of EBVaGC. This article reviewed present research advances in EBV genes in EBVaGC.

Research progress on the relationship between the level of EBV antibodies and the tu-mor stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中国肿瘤临床

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is prevalent in Southeast Asia, especially in the area of southern China. It is acknowl-edged that NPC is absolutely related to EBV infection. Nevertheless, there are just a few researches about the relationship between the level of EBV antibodies and the tumor stages and it hasn't come to conclusion. This review makes a summary on present research progress and would be valuable for the better understanding of the contribution of EBV antibodies to the tumor stages in NPC.

Assessment of EBV antibodies and EBV-DNA in the diagnosis and stages of nasopha-ryngeal carcinoma / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1/immunoglobulin A (EBNA1/IgA), BamH1 Z transactivator/IgA (Zta/IgA), capsid antigen/IgA (VCA/IgA), and Epstein-Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid (EBV-DNA) in detecting different stages of na-sopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The relationship between the EBV markers and stages of NPC was also analyzed. Methods:Blood sam-ples of 152 untreated patients with NPC and 675 healthy subjects were collected.ELISA was used to detect the serum levels of EBNA1/IgA, Zta/IgA, and VCA/IgA. Fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the plasma levels of EBV-DNA. ROC and correla-tion analyses were employed to assess the detection assays for NPC diagnosis. The positive rates of EBV markers in NPC patients in dif-ferent stages were analyzed statistically. Results: The positive rates of EBNA1/IgA, Zta/IgA, VCA/IgA, and EBV-DNA in NPC patients were higher than those in the healthy individuals. The expression of EBNA1/IgA was relatively high in early NPC. The sensitivity of EB-NA1/IgA was 77.8%. In advanced NPC, the level of EBV-DNA was high, and the sensitivity of EBV-DNA was 88.8%. The specificity of EBV-DNA and EBNA1/IgA could reach more than 96%. The combination of EBV-DNA and EBNA1/IgA showed the best diagnostic value, with a sensitivity of 92.1%(early stage 82.5%, advanced stage 98.9%) and a specificity of 96.9%. The positive rates of EBV-DNA were positively associated with the NPC clinic stage and N stage. The positives rates of Zta/IgA were positively associated with the NPC N stage. Conclusion:The best single index for NPC screening in an asymptomatic population is EBNA1/IgA. EBV–DNA is an ideal index for auxiliary diagnostics of advanced NPC. The combination of EBV-DNA and EBNA1/IgA shows the best diagnostic value. EBV-DNA is an important index in the stage and illness monitoring of NPC. Zta/IgA can indirectly reflect the character of lymph node metastasis, and it may be useful in assessment of NPC surveillance.

The following-up study of high-risk and moderate-risk groups defined by EB virus serology test at the nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening programme / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between changes in high-risk populations and screening detected nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) during the three-year follow-up of high-risk and moderate-risk groups at initial EB virus serology screening.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We tested EB virus VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA antibody to identify the probability of suffering from NPC of the crowd. The high-risk and moderate-risk groups at initial screening in one county during 2009 to 2010 were followed-up once a year with EB virus serology testing. All the high-risk people during initial screening and follow-up were conducted with nasopharyngeal fiber endoscopy. Through the follow-up of three years, we analyzed changes in the number of high-risk group, detection rate of NPC in high-risk group, and tumor staging. Firstly detected NPC by screening was defined as screening group, and detected by following-up was defined as following-up group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 404 participants were at high-risk and 1 041 participants were at moderate-risk group, 1 445 persons were in the group. All 404 persons were at high-risk at initial screening, the number of high-risk people during follow-up decreased from 371 to 187, 853 people of the all high-risk group were conducted with nasopharyngeal fiber endoscopy, and 38 cases of NPC were detected. NPC detection rate of high-risk group was 6.2% (25/404), 3.2% (12/371), 0.5% (1/188) and 0 (0/187) during the initial screening and three years follow-up respectively. The cumulative incidence of NPC in the high-risk and moderate-risk group were 7.7% (31/404) ,0.8% (8/1 041) . The early diagnosis rate of NPC in screening group and following-up group was 80% (20/25)and 11/13, respectively. With the primary tumor, the rate of T1 in screening group was higher than following-up group (80% to 38%, 20/25 to 5/13; P = 0.028). However, compared with following-up group, the rate of regional lymph node metastasis in screening group was higher (19/25 to 5/13; P = 0.035 ).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Along with the high detection rate of early staging NPC in screening group and following-up group, the detection of NPC in high risk people is mainly at initial screening and the first year following-up and NPC detection rate thereafter is dropping significantly.</p>

Levels and Significance of Serum Macrophage Polarization-related Cytokines in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease / 胃肠病学

Background:Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is a group of chronic and non-specific intestinal inflammatory diseases of undetermined origin. Functional impairment of macrophages has been associated with the dysregulation of mucosal immunity in intestinal tract of patients with IBD. Aims:To investigate the correlation of serum levels of macrophage polarization-related cytokines with the development and disease activity of IBD. Methods:A total of 105 IBD patients admitted from May 2013 to May 2014 at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital were recruited,of them 65 were Crohn’s disease (CD)and 40 were ulcerative colitis( UC). Twenty-four patients with colonic polyps were served as controls. Serum samples were obtained and the levels of interleukin-1beta(IL-1β),IL-6,IL-10,IL-13,interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)were determined by ELISA method. Results:Serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-γ were significantly higher in CD group than in control group(P 0. 05). Conclusions:Serum levels of macrophage polarization-related cytokines increase to varying degrees in IBD patients,but these cytokines have no obvious correlations with IBD and its disease activity. Presumably,theses cytokines are only involved in but not the triggers in the development of IBD.

Embryonic stem cell test for the study of the embryotoxicity of hydroquinone / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To establish a model of embryonic stem cell test(EST)and utilize this model to evaluate the embryotoxici-ty of hydroquinone.Methods Mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and mouse embryonic stem(ES)cells(ES-E14TG2a)were cultured in vitro, and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)test was performed to detect the cytotoxicity of 3T3 cells and ES-E14TG2a cells induced by the positive control(5-fluorouracil),negative control(penicillin G)and tested compound(hydroquinone).The concentrations of the test compounds that inhibited 50% viability of ES-E14TG2a cells(IC50 ES)and 3T3 fibroblasts (IC50 3T3)were calculated.The hanging-suspension-adherent culture systems were used to induce embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes,and the concentrations of test compounds that caused 50% inhibition of differentiation of ES-E14TG2a cells into cardiomyocytes (ID50 ES)was calculated. The embryotoxic potential of hydroquinone was classified by prediction model of the embryonic stem cell test.Results The prolif-eration of ES-E14TG2a and 3T3 cells were inhibited by hydroquinone,of which the IC50 3T3 and IC50 ES values were (5.97±0.48) and (2.57±0.10)μg/mL respectively.The differentiation of ES-E14TG2a cells were also inhibited by hydroquinone,of which the ID50 ES was (3.77±0.31)μg/mL.Hydroquinone was evaluated as a strong embryotoxicity chemical by prediction model of EST. Conclusion Hydroquinone exhibits a strong embryotoxicity.

Embryotoxicity of eugenol based on a model of embryonic stem cell test / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:As the pharmacological effect of eugenol constantly being discovered, its application in medical and food industry becomes wider. However, its toxicity studies have not established a complete database, especialy in the improvement of safety assessment of developmental toxicity and teratogenicity. OBJECTIVE:To establish a model of embryonic stem cel test to evaluate the embryotoxicity of eugenol. METHODS:Mouse fibroblasts (3T3) and mouse embryonic stem cels (E14TG2a) were culturedin vitro, and MTT test was performed to detect the cytotoxicity of 3T3 cels and E14TG2a cels with positive control 5-fluorouracil, negative control penicilin G and tested compound eugenol. The concentration of the tested compounds that inhibiting 50% viability of embryonic stem cels (IC50 E14TG2a) and 3T3 fibroblasts (IC50 3T3) was calculated. The hanging-suspension-adherent culture systems were used to induce embryonic stem cels into cardiomyocytes, and the concentration of tested compounds that caused 50% inhibition of differentiation of E14TG2a cels into cardiomyocytes (ID50 E14TG2a) was calculated. The embryotoxic potential of eugenol was classified by prediction model of the embryonic stem cel test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The proliferations of E14TG2a and 3T3 cels were inhibited by eugenol, of which the IC50 3T3 and IC50 E14TG2a values were (3.613±0.192) and (1.799±0.131) mg/L. The differentiation of E14TG2a was also inhibited by eugenol, of which the ID50 E14TG2a was (3.501±0.158) mg/L. Eugenol was evaluated as a chemical compound with strong embryotoxicity by the model of embryonic stem cel test.

Analysis of follow-up results one year after initial screening in high-risk area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To observe the differences in the dynamic change of the EB virus antibody between general population and first-degree relatives (FDR) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients during follow-up study one year after initial screening and discuss the difference among the nasopharyngeal carcinoma detections. Methods: Serologic data of all subjects that participated in the fol-low-up study were collected. Changes in EB virus antibodies were investigated and correlation of these changes with gender and age level was analyzed. Differences in the nasopharyngeal cancer detection rate of different populations were also compared. Results:NA1/IgA negative conversion rate was higher in the family group than in the control group (χ2=20.28, P<0.001). This rate was also higher in both male and female family groups than in the male and female control groups (χ2=22.59, P<0.001;χ2=4.03, P<0.05, respectively). NA1/IgA positive conversion rate was lower in the family group than in the control group (χ2=7.79, P<0.05). Likewise, this rate was lower in both male and female family groups than in the male and female control groups (χ2=9.46, P<0.05;χ2=0.74, P=0.39, respective-ly). VCA/IgA negative conversion rate was higher in the family group than in the control group (χ2=1.90, P<0.001). This rate was also higher in the male and female family groups than in the male and female control groups (χ2=7.50, P<0.05; χ2=no expression, P=0.108, determined by Fish exact test, respectively). VCA/IgA positive conversion rate was higher in the family group than in the control group (χ2=0.10, P=0.70). This rate was again higher in both male and female family groups than in the male and female control groups (χ2=0.02, P=0.90,χ2=0.51, P=0.48, respectively). Ten cases from the control group manifested nasopharyngeal carcinoma;the same disease was not observed in the family group. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection rate was significantly higher in the control group than in the family group, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=1.05, P=0.31). Conclusion:a. Reactivation of the EB virus is not closely linked with genetic factors. b. The detection rate of NPC in FDR was lower compared with the general population after initial screening;thus, the rule of selective follow-up is not applicable for FDR.

Rectal carcinoid: clinical analysis of 21 cases / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics,pathological classification and therapy strategy of rectal carcinoid and its prognostic factors.Methods Forty four patients with rectal carcinoid were diagnosed and treated in Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University from January 2006 to November 2013,among whom 21 patients (19 males and 2 females) were followed-up for 1-7.5 years.The clinical data of these cases were retrospectively analyzed.Results The patients underwent colonoscopy because of changed bowel habits and/or abnormal digital rectal examination,none of them had carcinoid syndrome.Colonoscopy showed that most lesions presented yellowish in color and smooth in surface; the diameter of the tumor was ≤ 1.0 cm in 12 cases (57％) ; the tumors were located at the rectum within 8 cm from anal rim in 17cases (76％); most of them were well differentiated.Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that NSE expression was highly positive.The 1 year-and 3year-survival rate were both 100％.Among 8 cases who were followed up for over 5 year,2 relapsed.Conclusions The digital rectal examination plays a key role in detecting rectal carcinoid.Though prognosis is relatively good,we should keep close following-up to detect the recurrence.The main risk factors influencing the prognosis are tumor size,depth of invasion and clinical stage.The combination measurement of CEA,TSGF,CA19-9 and NSE will either increase the sensitivity or the specificity of early detection.

Sedated versus conventional colonoscopy:a prospective study on patient acceptability and satisfaction / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To compare the clinical choosing principles of sedated colonoscopy with con-ventional colonoscopy. Methods Outpatients who were willing to accept colonoscopy with or without seda-tion were prospectively recruited,which were assigned to sedated colonoscopy group(n=362)and conven-tional colonoscopy group(n=323). All patients and endoscopists were asked to answer a self-administered questionnaire. The colonoscopy completion,operation time,procedure-related discomfort,and questionnaire results of the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed. Results The completion rate was 98. 9%in the sedated colonoscopy group(358/362)and 89. 8% in the conventional colonoscopy group(290/323) ( P=0. 337 ). The operation time of sedated and conventional group were( 5. 60 ± 3. 25 ) minutes and (7. 71 ± 5. 70)minutes respectively(P<0. 001). And the average cost was CNY 886. 54 per patient in se-dated group and CNY 386. 00 per patient in the conventional group. Patient satisfaction score of conventional group and sedated group were 4(3-4)and 3(2-3)points(P<0. 001),while endoscopist satisfaction score was 4(3-4)and 4(4-4)(P<0. 001). A total of 354 patients(97. 79%)in the sedated group and 225 pa-tients(69. 66%)in the conventional group showed willingness to repeat the identical colonoscopy( P <0. 001). Patients who were male(P=0. 035),having no past abdominal operations(P<0. 001),or no ab-dominal pain during colonoscopy( P =0. 015 )in the conventional group preferred to repeat conventional colonoscopy. Conclusion Although the examination time of conventional colonoscopy is longer than sedated colonoscopy,it could reduce anesthesia risk and the cost. Conventional colonoscopy remains an irreplaceable examination of colorectal diseases in developing countries. Physicians should not only focus on patients'com-fort during endoscopy,but also help patients make a decision based on their actual situation and endoscopic indications to make the best of medical resources.

Early NPC detection through serologic risk stratification and clinical follow-up of high risk subjects / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) can be successfully treated by radiotherapy, if the tumor is confined to nasopharynx, but clinical onset is usually delayed to more advanced stages, when prognosis is poor. The objective is to determine efficacy of a new program for early NPC detection, which entails stratification of the NPC risk of target population according to serum levels of 3 Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) antibodies.@*METHOD@#The sera of 1373 healthy adult residents from Zhongshan were collected and analyzed in this study from Mar 16, 2007 to Dec 31, 2007. The levels of EBNA1/IgA, zta/IgG and EBNA1/IgG were tested by ELISA. To stratify the subjects of 1373 adults into high, moderate and normal NPC risk groups by regression analysis of the levels of the EBV antibody. The high-risk groups of nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk could be followed-up every 3-6 month.@*RESULT@#NPC risk of 1379 adults was stratified according to serum levels of the 3 EBV antibodies. Eleven (0.8%) were identified to be of high risk for NPC, having high levels of all three antibodies and/or IgA EBNA level > 3 rod. Clinical examination of high risk subjects detected 5 NPC cases, 3 cases detected in the first instance and 2 in follow-up examination 3 to 6 months hence. Three cases were diagnosed with UICC Stage I tumor (60%), one in the first instance and 2 in follow-up, and the 5 cases account for all NPC cases detected from the entire cohort over 28 months(100%).@*CONCLUSION@#The new program affords an efficient and efficacious means for early NPC detection.

Assessment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk by EB virus antibody profile / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) through EB virus antibody profile by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EBNA 1/IgA, EBNA 1/IgG and zta/IgG by ELISA and VCA/IgA by immmunoenzymatic method were detected in 121 NPC patients and 332 healthy subjects (HS) in the Pearl river estuary.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sensitivity rates were 85%, 83% and 79% for EBNA 1/IgA, EBNA 1/IgG and zta/IgG, all three of which if combined was the highest 92%. The specificity rates were 86%, 86% and 80% for EBNA 1/IgA, EBNA 1/IgG and zta/IgG, all three of which if combined was also the highest 93%. According to the level of odds ratio, nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk could be divided into 3 groups: low, moderate and high-risk groups. 93% of HS had low risk of NPC with the odds ratio 0.0 to 0.3. 0.4% of HS had high risk of NPC with the odds ratio of 137.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ELISA is more objective than the traditional immunoenzymatic method in the detection and diagnosis of NPC. The combination of EBNA 1/IgA, EBNA 1/IgG and zta/IgG is able to evaluate the risk of NPC.</p>

Prediction of chemotherapeutic response by determining telomerase activity and serum CA125 expression in patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate significance of the telomerase activity and serum CA125(cancer antigen 125) expression in the predicting chemotherapeutic response in human ovarian epithelial carcinoma(hOEC).METHODS: The expressive levels of telomerase activity in ascites exfoliative cells or peritoneal washing fluids and the serum CA125 were detected by TRAP-PCR-ELISA and ELISA in 35 hOEC patients.RESULTS:(1) Telomerase activity was detected in 30 out of 35(85.7%) patients(P

Screening out nasopharyngeal carcinoma by two-stage ELISA for EB virus / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Screening out NPC from susceptable crowd by serological test for EB virus.Methods:Checking antibody of EB virus by ELISA. At first, EBNA1 IgA was detected for susceptable crowd as a primary screening index, secondary , EBNA1 IgG and Zta IgG were detected in the EBNA1 IgA positive group.Results:The sensitivity and specificity of EBNA1 IgA were 91.8% and 91.4%, both were higher than those of EBNA1 IgG and Zta IgG; the sencondary detection of EBNA1 IgG and Zta IgG raised the specificity of NPC screening to 96.5% and also helped to divide the crowd into 3 groups as high, median, and low risk. And the high risk group accounted for 0.39%.Conclusion:Two-stage screening of NPC raise the sensitivity and specificity of NPC detection. It also helps to divide the crowd into 3 groups of risk.