RESUMO
The common bile duct duodenal fistula (CDF) is a special type of biliary fistula.It has a low incidence and clinical manifestations.It is difficult to diagnose and is often misdiagnosed.However,the lack of diagnostic tools and clinical guidelines make it difficult for young physicians to correctly recognize this rare condition before surgery.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most effective method for diagnosing CDF.For those who suspect CDF,ERCP should be used for definitive diagnosis.Surgical treatment is the main treatment for CDF.This article reviews the causes,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of CDF.
RESUMO
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). T2DM can increase the risk of HCC in many ways, which suggests that several signaling pathways or susceptibility genes might be involved in the development of these two diseases. This article discusses the role of T2DM in the development of HCC and the association between T2DM and HCC at genetic and molecular levels and finds that nuclear receptor co-activator 5, transcription factor 7-like 2, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and Toll-like receptor 4 are involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM and HCC, which is the key that links the two diseases at genetic and molecular levels.