Advances in breast cancer epidemiology based on molecular subtyping / 中国肿瘤临床

Breast cancer is a group of diseases with considerable inner heterogeneity. Intrinsic subtyping has classified breast cancer into major subtypes, such as Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like breast carcinomas. This classification is based on the specific expression patterns of certain genes that effectively reflect each distinct biology and clinical outcome. Moreover, this classification is widely accepted and utilized. Epidemiological studies based on intrinsic subtyping shed a new light on breast cancer recognition. Traditionally validated risk factors showed substantial differences in their association with various intrinsic subtypes. The paradox of risk factors for breast cancer development generally exerting protective effects on patient survival has been observed. This phenomenon is highly likely caused by the heterogeneity among intrinsic subtypes. Future epidemiological studies on breast cancer should develop a further precise basis on the intrinsic subtypes, and this article will summarize the advances in epidemiology based on molecular subtyping of breast cancer.

Secular trend of lung cancer incidence in Hexi District, Tianjin, 1992-2012 / 肿瘤

Objective: To analyze the incidence and secular trend of lung cancer in Hexi District, Tianjin, between 1992 and 2012. Methods: To collect the incidence data of lung cancer for residents in Hexi District between 1992 and 2012 from Tianjin Cancer Registry. The lung cancer crude incidence, age standardized incidence, proportion, age specific incidence, cumulative incidence, truncated incidence, percent change and annual percent change were calculated. The incidence and secular trend of lung cancer for male Results: Between 1992 and 2012, a total of 8 177 new cases of lung cancer were collected in Hexi District, the crude incidence was 53.66/100 000, Chinese age standardized incidence was 31.81/100 000, and the world standardized incidence was 31.74/100 000. The crude incidence and standardized incidence of patients with lung cancer in males were higher than those in females. Lung cancer ranked the top 1 among all cancers, accounting for 23.56% of all cancer cases. The cumulative incidence for age 0-64 years was 1.49%, and was 4.05% for age 0 - 74 years. The truncated incidence was 39.83/100 000 for age 35-64 years, and was 274.89/100 000 for age older than 65 years. The incidence of lung cancer increased with age after twenty years old, especially after age 40 years, reaching its peak in age 80-84 years, with incidence of 334.79/100 000. An increasing trend was observed for lung cancer incidence, from 34.99/100 000 in 1992 to 87.37/100 000 in 2012, which increased by 149.70%, and the annual percent change was 4.68%. The incidence for females increased more than males. Increasing trend was also observed for age standardized incidence, though at a lower rate. Conclusion: There is an increasing trend of the incidence of lung cancer in Hexi District, Tianjin. People aged more than 65 years is a high-risk population of lung cancer, therefor the particular attention should be paid for this population.

Trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer from 1981 to 2002 in Tianjin / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer from 1981 to 2002 in Tianjin,China and to predict future trends and facilitate future prevention.Methods All new cancer cases registered in the Tianjin Cancer Registry between 1981 and 2002 were reviewed.Yearly age-specific,crude and age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated for males and females.Secular trends of incidence and mortality were indicated by the estimated annual percentage change(EAPC).Results A total of 8206 cases of esophageal cancer were reported in Tianjin form 1981 to 2002,with 5533 males and before 45 years,but increased rapidly after 45 years.The median age of esophageal cancer cases was 69 years,with quartile range from 62 to 75 years.The peak for age specific incidence in females was 75-80 years,which was earlier than that in males(aged 80-85).But recent data indicated that the peak age in females had increased and became similar to that of the males.The crude and age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)of esophageal cancer decreased in last 22 years.For male and female,crude incidence decreased by 2.22% and 3.56% per year and ASIR decreased by 5.18% and 6.56% per year.The mortality of esophageal cancer decreased in the last 22 years.Conclusion The incidence of esophageal cancer decreased in the last 22 years in Tianjin,but there is little overall improvement in survival.