Relationship between self-harm with depression and anxiety in college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the status of self-harm, depression and anxiety and to analyze the relation of self-harm with depression and anxiety in college students.@*Methods@#Totally 9 638 college students were randomly selected from five universities in Anhui province using stratified cluster sampling and were surveyed with basic demographic characteristics, Depression Self Rating Scale (SDS), Self-evaluation of Anxiety Scale (SAS) and self-harm behavior questionnaire.@*Results@#The detection rate of self-harm among college students was 22.94%(2 211), boys (24.51%) were higher than girls(21.72%), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=10.46, P<0.05). The detection rate of depression was 28.57%(2 754). The detection rate of anxiety was 11.11%(1 071). The detection rate of self-harm in the depression group was 33.48%, which was significantly higher than those without depression group(18.72%)(χ2=242.22, P<0.01). The similar results were found in the anxiety analysis, students with anxiety showed higher detection rate in self-harm (48.74%) than those without anxiety (19.72%)(χ2=453.66, P<0.01). Both depression and anxiety were positively associated with self-harm behaviors(r=0.24, 0.27, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression model found that after covariates controlled, depression(OR=1.48) and anxiety (OR=2.84) were positively associated with self-harm of college students(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Self-harm, depression and anxiety among college students in Anhui Province are at a high level, and a positive correlation between self-harm behaviors and depression and anxiety is observed. Attention should be paid to the mental health education of college students.

Diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing pneumonia in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia in children.In recent years, with the deepening understanding of pediatricians, reports on NP have increased year by year.The early lesion of NP is characterized by the consolidation of lung tissue.With the progression of the disease, the involved lung tissue appears liquefaction and necrosis, and eventually multiple cysts or cavities are formed.Clinical diagnosis is mainly based on imaging.Previous studies have shown that NP is mostly found in streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus infections.In recent years, mycoplasma pneumoniae has been found to be the main pathogen of necrotizing pneumonia, and adenovirus and influenza virus infections have also been frequently reported.On the basis of reasonable anti-infection treatment, most of the children have a good prognosis by treatement of glucocorticoid, gamma globulin, bronchoscope lavage, closed thoracic drainage, etc.

Depression and anxiety and assciated factors among college students returned to campus during the outbreak of COVID-19 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of depression and anxiety and assciated factors of back to school college students during the outbreak of COVID-19, so as to provide theoretical basis for emotional counseling and psychological crisis intervention after long term school closure due to epidemic outbreak.@*Methods@#Cluster sampling was used to select the first batch of 2 697 back to school students in a high vocational college. The survey content includes basic information questionnaire, Depression Self rating Scale (SDS) and Anxiety Self rating Scale(SAS).@*Results@#The detection rate of depression and anxiety was 31.8% and 10.4% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of depression in female college students was 1.28 times higher than that in male students. The risk of depression among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.30 times that of those without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Outgoing personality(OR=0.62), neutral (OR=0.55) and mild temper(OR=0.46), moderate frequency of physical exercise per week(1-2 times:OR=0.73, 3-4 times:OR=0.65) were protective effects for depression in college students.Low frequency of breakfast were the risk effects for depression in college. The risk of anxiety among college students who was the only child in the family was 1.61 times higher than that who was not the only child in the family. The risk of anxiety among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.45 times higher than that college students without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Neutral temper, mild temper and physical exercise 1-2 times a week were associated with lower level of anxiety in college students(OR=0.67,0.56,0.67). Breakfast skipping (OR=2.03) was associated with higher levvel of anxiety in college students.@*Conclusion@#During the outbreak of COVID-19, the first batch of back to school college students presented high level of depression. Colleges are suggested to promptly carry out effective emotional relief and psychological intervention for students, especially those whose family suffered in COVID-19, the only child in the family, with poor breakfast eating habits, as well as breakfast skipping and lack of physical exercise.

Analysis of network usage and influencing factors among college students returning to a vocational college during COVID-19 epidemic / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation and influencing factors of Internet addiction among college students after returning to school during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide scientific basis for timely intervention measures to adjust the risk factors of Internet addiction.@*Methods@#A cluster sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among 2 700 college students who firstly returned to college using general condition questionnaire and Internet Addiction scale.@*Results@#The detection rate of Internet addiction disorder was 32.4% among returning college students, moreover, the detection rate of Internet addiction in male students(36.0%) was higher than that in female students (31.2%) (χ 2=5.42,P<0.05). The degree of Internet addiction was negatively correlated with the physical health score (r-s=-0.20) and mental health score (r-s=-0.24) of college students (P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with introversion, neutral (OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.55-0.82) and extroverted college students (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.48-0.74) were protective factors for Internet addiction; compared with no exercise, physical exercise ≥3 times or more per week (exercise 3-4 times：OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.51-0.87; ≥5 times：OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.50-0.90) were the protective factors for Internet addiction among college students; family loss during the epidemic was a risk factor for Internet addiction among college students (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.12-1.60); the risk of Internet addiction was 2.13 times higher for college students who actively sought psychological help than for those who did not seek psychological help (95%CI=1.14-3.96); college students who did not want to go back to school had 1.50 times the risk of Internet addiction as those who did (95%CI=1.26-1.77).@*Conclusion@#The current situation of college students online behaviors during COVID-19 is not optimistic, and should arouse sufficient attention from society and universities. In addition, college students returning to school should take more physical exercises and psychological counseling to detect and intervene in psychological problems in time, reduce their psychological burden, and enhance their psychological quality.

School adaptation and behavior of the first batch of college students returning to school during the COVID-19 epidemic / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the school adaptation and behavioral performance of the first batch of students who return to school during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide a theoretical basis for further development of corresponding intervention measures.@*Methods@#The method of cluster sampling was adopted to conduct anonymous questionnaire survey on the first batch of college students who have returned to a certain university. The survey contents included the basic information of the students, the adaptability of the school after returning to school and the corresponding behavior performance.@*Results@#Male students reported high lever of satisfaction than female students on the dormitory environment health (t=10.28, P<0.01), but low satisfaction on school security and logistical support (t=2.26, P=0.02), rural students marked higher score than urban students for the school closed management system (t=2.82, P=0.01), in terns of school security, Logistics, the degree of school s attention to the epidemic prevention and epidemic prevention, non only-child gave high score than the only children; In terms of their own behavior, the rate of seek medical treatment immediately when they develop COVID-19 related symptoms (68.1%) was lower than that of others (81.3%)(χ 2=223.88，P<0.01)；In addition, the percentage of respondents who chose to report COVID-19 related symptoms (79.5%) was lower than that of others (88.7%)(χ 2=97.49，P<0.01). A total of 2 671 college students (98.9%) were able to wear masks every day and 2 457 (90.9%) chose to improve their diet to improve their immunity.@*Conclusion@#The first batch of college students who return to school have a high level of satisfaction on school management, and can take active measures to adapt to the life back to school and commit self-protection, however targeted measures to are still needed further strengthen students health education.

Application of continuous renal replacement therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 / 中华危重病急救医学

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has become an effective multiple organ support therapy instead of single renal replacement as initially expected, and it is widely used in intensive care unit (ICU). After the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a series of expert recommendation or consensus have been developed to diagnose and treat the disease, including CRRT in acute kidney injury (AKI) and hyper inflammatory response. However, CRRT in COVID-19 is extraordinarily different from regular one due to different pathophysiology and infectious clinical scenarios. Accordingly, the paper aims to elaborate the similarities and differences between CRRT in COVID-19 and routine treatment in terms of safety and accessibility, indications and timing, clinical operation, anticoagulation, fluid management, prevention and control of infectious diseases, etc.

Antibiotic use in emergency departments of class Ⅲ general hospitals in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the utilization of antibiotics in emergency departments (EDs) of class Ⅲ general hospitals in China.Methods Data from a national monitoring network for rational use of drugs was used.The data included prescriptions of EDs from 114 class Ⅲ general hospitals in 30 provinces (autonomous regions,municipalities) of China.A total of 10 260 595 prescriptions from October 1,2014 to December 31,2016 were extracted.The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) system was used for the classification of antibiotics and calculation of antibiotic use intensity.An auto-regression model was used to analyze the trend over time and seasonal variation of antibiotic use in EDs.Results The rate of antibiotic prescriptions was 27.82％ in EDs,among the antibiotics prescribed,25.58％ were for the combination therapy with 2 or more antibiotic agents,and injectable antibiotic prescriptions accounted for 60.59％.Besides,the number of DDDs per 100 patient visits was 81.84.Broad-spectrum agents were the most commonly used antibiotics,among which the second and third generation cephalosporins,quinolones and macrolides accounted for 23.83％,21.68％,19.17％ and 7.89％ of all prescribed antibiotics,respectively.The use of antibiotics,including prescription frequency and use intensity,in EDs had a slight but significant increase tendency (P＜0.05),and the seasonal variation of antibiotic use in EDs was obvious,characterized by the highest frequency and intensity of antibiotic use in winter,the differences were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The antibiotic prescription rate in EDs of class Ⅲ general hospitals in China was controlled at a low level,but the proportions of broad-spectrum antibiotics and injectable antibiotics were high,and a significant increase trend in antibiotic use in EDs was found.

Antibiotic use in emergency departments of class Ⅲ general hospitals in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the utilization of antibiotics in emergency departments (EDs) of class Ⅲ general hospitals in China.Methods Data from a national monitoring network for rational use of drugs was used.The data included prescriptions of EDs from 114 class Ⅲ general hospitals in 30 provinces (autonomous regions,municipalities) of China.A total of 10 260 595 prescriptions from October 1,2014 to December 31,2016 were extracted.The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) system was used for the classification of antibiotics and calculation of antibiotic use intensity.An auto-regression model was used to analyze the trend over time and seasonal variation of antibiotic use in EDs.Results The rate of antibiotic prescriptions was 27.82％ in EDs,among the antibiotics prescribed,25.58％ were for the combination therapy with 2 or more antibiotic agents,and injectable antibiotic prescriptions accounted for 60.59％.Besides,the number of DDDs per 100 patient visits was 81.84.Broad-spectrum agents were the most commonly used antibiotics,among which the second and third generation cephalosporins,quinolones and macrolides accounted for 23.83％,21.68％,19.17％ and 7.89％ of all prescribed antibiotics,respectively.The use of antibiotics,including prescription frequency and use intensity,in EDs had a slight but significant increase tendency (P＜0.05),and the seasonal variation of antibiotic use in EDs was obvious,characterized by the highest frequency and intensity of antibiotic use in winter,the differences were significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The antibiotic prescription rate in EDs of class Ⅲ general hospitals in China was controlled at a low level,but the proportions of broad-spectrum antibiotics and injectable antibiotics were high,and a significant increase trend in antibiotic use in EDs was found.

Application of immune cell functional assay in monitoring immune status in renal transplant recipients / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of immune cell functional assay (ImmuKnow CD4+ T cell ATP assay) in monitoring immune status in renal recipients.Methods A total of 131 adult renal transplant recipients who received transplantation for the first time were under investigation.According to the dynamic monitoring ATP concentration before operation,2 week,1,3,6 months after operation and during infect or rejection,samples were divided into the following groups:health control group (HC),pretransplant (Pre-Tx) group,stable (Tx) group,infect group,acute rejection (AR) group,acute kidney injury (AKI) group.Immune cell functions were detected by ImmuKnow CD4+ T cell ATP assay.Lymphocyte subsets (CD4+/CD8+) were analysed and serum concentrations of FK506 were tested.Mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR) was analysed.Results The ATP concentration was no significant difference between Pre-Tx and HC group.The ATP concentration of 2 weeks,1 months after operation were significantly higher than Pre-Tx group (P ＜ 0.01).After 3 months,6 months follow-up,the ATP concentration stabilized with time.The ATP concentration of AR group was significantly higher than other three groups (Tx,infect and AKI group,all P ＜ 0.05).The correlation coefficient between the ATP concentration and MLR,CD4+/CD8+,FK506 level were R2=0.0072,R2=10-6,R2=0.004 respectively (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The cell-mediated immunity of recipients is relatively strongger during the first month after transplantation.The ATP concentration is not related to the levels of MLR,CD4+/CD8+,FK506.ImmuKnow ATP assay is a valuable predictor in acute rejection diagnosis.

Retinol-binding protein 4 rises significantly in women with gestational diabetes mellitus / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

To investigate the relationship between serum retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Chinese Han pregnant women.195 (23-42 years) pregnant women were recruited (July 2005 to December 2007) from the Department of Gynecology and Obstetric in Ruijin Hospital during their visiting for routine prenatal examination.99 subjects belonged to GDM group,and 96 belonged to the group with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).65 non-pregnant healthy women served as control.Serum RBP4 was measured using sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Pregnant women had higher level of serum RBP4 than that of non-pregnant control.The concentration of serum RBP4 was significantly increased in GDM group as compared with NGT group[(43.04±1.85 vs 33.84±2.17) rag/L,P<0.01].Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that triglycerides and homeostasis assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were independent variables of RBP4 (r2 =0.165) in pregnant women.The results suggest that serum RBP4 level is significantly increased in pregnant women.Women with GDM had even higher RBP4 level than that of normal pregnant women,and RBP4 levele was positively correlated with triglycerides and HOMA-IR.