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Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of recurrent and de novo focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) after kidney transplantation. Methods Thirty-four recipients pathologically diagnosed with FSGS by renal allograft biopsy were enrolled in this clinical trial. According to the detection of primary diseases of renal allografts and circulating permeability factors, 34 recipients were divided into the recurrent FSGS group (n=12) and de novo FSGS group (n=22). The differences of clinical indexes and the degree of pathological injury of renal allografts were compared between two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the mesangial hyperplasia score, glomerulosclerosis rate, renal tubular atrophy score, interstitial fibrosis score and podocyte proliferation rate between two groups (all P > 0.05). In the recurrent FSGS group, segmental glomerulosclerosis rate of the recipients was 0.10 (0.08, 0.27), lower than 0.19 (0.13, 0.33) in the de novo FSGS group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the incidence of antibody-mediated rejection, drug-induced renal tubular injury and BK virus infection between two groups (all P > 0.05). The incidence of T cell-mediated rejection in the recurrent FSGS group was 17%, lower than 55% in the de novo FSGS group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the infiltrating inflammatory cells in the renal allografts were mainly T lymphocytes. The positive rates of C4d deposition in peripheral capillaries between the recurrent and de novo FSGS groups were 33% (4/12) and 32% (7/22), with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Immunofluorescence results revealed IgM deposition in the segmental glomerulosclerosis area of renal allografts in most cases. Electron microscopy showed extensive fusion or segmental distribution of podocytes in the glomerulus of renal allografts. Conclusions The degree of renal functional injury and the incidence of T cell-mediated rejection in the recurrent FSGS group are lower than those in the de novo FSGS group. Comprehensive analysis of preoperative and postoperative clinical manifestations, laboratory testing and pathological examination of kidney transplant recipients contribute to early diagnosis and treatment of recurrent and de novo FSGS.
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Objective: FF456 is a new gene cloned in our lab, which belongs to c-type G protein-coupled receptors and has high homology to the olfactory receptor family. Northern blotting and RT-PCR showed that the expression of FF456 was exclusively restricted in liver and was significantly down-regulated in hepatoma. In an effort to study the function of FF456 gene, high titer antibody is indispensable. Methods:Full-length cDNA of FF456 was reconstructed into pcDNA3.1(-) vector, which was used for immunizing 6- to 8- weeks old female BALB/c mice. The effects of different injection manners, solvents and dosages on the antibody production have been compared. For detecting the titer and specificity of the antisera produced by DNA immunization, a peptide containing FF456 specific sequence was expressed by E.coli expression system. Results:Finally specific antisera with titers as high as 1 ∶ 50 000 was obtained. Conclusion:Immunofluorescence assays showed FF456 was expressed in hepatocytes with high tissue specificity. The FF456 expression in hepatoma cells was decreased dramatically.